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  • Special Issues
    Strengthening the Confidence of Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics and Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Higher Education
    ZHONG Denghua
    2022, 38(07): 1-2+14. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.01
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    As the important part of the world’s higher education system, Chinese colleges and universities bear important responsibilities in creating a more open, inclusive, fair and collaborative higher education system. China has built the largest higher education system of the world, significantly improved the quality of talent cultivation in higher education, continuously enhanced the ability to serve the country’s innovation and development, and comprehensively improved the ability and level of higher education governance. To speed up the modernization of Chinese higher education, we should have a deep understanding of the changes in the pattern of China’s higher education and strengthen the confidence of higher education with Chinese characteristics. We must uphold serving the country as the highest pursuit, committing to the socialist direction of running schools, working hard to build a high-level talent training system, more actively serving the major strategic needs of the country, building a team of high-quality teachers in an all-round way, and further promoting the opening of high-level education to the outside world, as well as accelerating the high-quality development of higher education.
  • Special Issues
    Smart Education Revolution for Holistic Cultivation
    ZHANG Jun
    2022, 38(07): 3-7. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.02
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    New generation information technologies and digital innovations have brought unprecedented opportunities to the development of higher education. The technology-enabled smart education paradigm today, is an inevitable trend, fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic and ease of use of technologies. It is at its early stages, with exponential expected growth in the near future. On this backdrop, we aim to transform higher education in China, by analyzing potential future tendencies of smart education, followed by identifying bottlenecks and challenges of current educational developments influencing the future of smart education. We then propose a novel scheme for adaptive smart education centered around the concept of holistic cultivation of the mind. This can be viewed as a modern sustainable higher-education reform focused on value creation, knowledge cultivation and practical innovation, for the purpose to realize “Activation” of the mind. This “Activation” occurs at the interplay between social education, diffusion of knowledge, and wisdom of teaching and learning. “Activation” is operationalized by erecting the four pillars of a literacy graph, a knowledge graph, an abilities graph, and a quality graph, which united, would support the new higher-education ecology and empowered education. The new ecology would foster a social environment that is conducive to the derivation of knowledge so as to promote comprehensive changes in the content, means, modes and systems towards the cultivation of human-centric talents. Consequently, the wisdom process of contemporary higher education would entail seeding wisdom in people, integrating wisdom in campus, and strengthening wisdom in country.
    • Internationalization of Higher Education
  • Internationalization of Higher Education
    Capacity Building in International Communication for University-Affliated Think Tanks in the New Time: Innovative Practices and Reflection of Tsinghua University
    XIAO Qian; ZHONG Zhou; XU Xinyun
    2022, 38(07): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.03
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    The current public opinion environment at home and abroad is undergoing rapid and profound changes. In this context, the university-afflicated think tanks can make a unique contribution to the nation and the world if they can make good use of their universities’ diverse resources, such as outstanding talent, multiple disciplines, solid research capacity, extensive international connections, substantial participation in global governance as well as rich media resources. This is an action research based on participatory observation method. The study examines the experiences of think tanks development at Tsinghua University as a key measure of its global strategy. The study focuses on the international communication of Tsinghua think tanks, analyses major challenges and solutions in international cooperation and exchange, and concludes with policy suggestions.
  • Internationalization of Higher Education
    Influential Factors and Strategies of International Student Movement: Based on the Comparison Between Central Universities and Local Universities
    FAN Aiai; CHAI Yilin; JI Chuxuan
    2022, 38(07): 15-22. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.04
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    Under the tide of globalization, international student movement (ISM) is the core of higher education institutions’development strategy. This paper constructs a model of the factors affecting ISM of “University Regulation and Funding Guarantee, Teacher and Curriculum Internationalization Support”. Based on the data of the survey of the international development of China’s higher education in 2019, this paper studies the role of Chinese local universities in promoting international student movement. It is finds that the system and fund guarantee have a significant positive effect on the outward and inward movement of local university students. International student movement in local universities is influenced by the internationalization of teachers’backgrounds and curriculum. The academic returnees’cultivation of students’international vision and communication ability promotes the development of international student movement. Curriculum internationalization is one of the multiple ways for local universities to promote international student movement.
    • Digital Transformation of Higher Education
  • Digital Transformation of Higher Education
    Promoting “Transformation” by Assessing: OECD’s Top-Level Architecture and Practical Measures for Digital Transformation of Higher Education
    ZHANG Qiang; WU Yilin
    2022, 38(07): 23-30. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.05
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    The digital transformation of education is the continuous evolution of internal innovation driven by digital technology. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is at the forefront of exploring the digital transformation of global higher education from wishful thinking to policy action. Centering on the navigational thinking of goal-basis, OECD first sets the goals of building a win-win and ethical digital world of higher education, establishing a lifelong digital learning concept and enhancing social adaptability, and then establishes a top-level framework for evaluating the judgment basis of digital readiness, practices and performance. Thus, the practical measures based on the trinity of policy framework - action path - effect monitoring are achieved. Based on the practical experience of OECD, China’s higher education digital transformation should focus on cultivating organizational digital culture, strengthening policy guidance to form the policy agenda of digital transformation, providing special funds to support the construction of digital infrastructure and other resources, and establishing an evaluation and incentive mechanism to achieve “transformation” through evaluation so as to promote digital transformation.
  • Digital Transformation of Higher Education
    The Essentials and Approaches of Higher Education Digitalization Reformation in China
    XU Xiaofei; ZHANG Ce
    2022, 38(07): 31-35. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.06
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    The new generation information technology has promoted fast development of social digitalization and higher education digitalization. Through considering the factors dealing with higher education digitalization reformation, this paper analyzes eight essentials including ethos and culture, resource and infrastructure, contents and its carriers, platforms and tools, standards and specifications, evaluation and accreditation, personal quality and ability, management and policies, and presents five layers including courses, major programs, universities, governments and education ecosystems, related to higher education digitalization reformation. Moreover, the eight aspects of working measurement for higher education digitalization reformation are also proposed. The work of higher education digitalization reformation is a kind of complicated system engineering. Facing to a lot of new options and new challenges, it can only be successful by active engagement of government, universities, society and industry, and through systematical plan, close cooperation, innovative reformation, and exploring practice.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Several Issues on Deepening the Comprehensive Reform of College Entrance Examination: A Study on the New CEE Model in Jiangsu
    YUAN Jingyu
    2022, 38(07): 36-40. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.07
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    The comprehensive reform of college entrance examination (CEE) is in full swing. In light of the practical epistemology that practice and cognition entails new practice and cognition, this study on the new “3+1+2” CEE model in Jiangsu looks into the following issues, which are vital to the smooth running of the reform. Firstly, a long-term scientific mechanism for subject selection must be put in place to rectify deviation in subject selection and to balance the human resource need of the country, the pursuit of students’ personal development and the call for social equity. Secondly, a diversified and comprehensive admission scheme should be enhanced to make sure that this reform could reach its objectives and guarantee equality, namely, the equality of opportunity for the less-advantaged groups and the equality of outcome for the talented ones, especially those with outstanding intelligence. Thirdly, the CEE should play a guiding role in creating a harmonious and healthy environment for education and teaching by providing smart evaluation on education. Last but not least, the bottom-line mentality for a safe CEE is to be secured in time of regular pandemic prevention and control and emerging technology revolution so as to stabilize social expectations, highlight digital empowerment and improve the norms of emergency response.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    The Implementation Effect, Controversy and Countermeasures of Comprehensive Reform of College Entrance Examination
    WANG Xinfeng
    2022, 38(07): 41-47. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.08
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    Since China started the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, the reform measures in examination subjects, examination methods and enrollment methods have been gradually improved, and the policy objectives have been preliminarily achieved. The subsequent provinces learned from the experience of the pilot provinces, timely adjusted the reform plan, and ensured the steady promotion of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination across the country, and promoted the modernization of educational governance ability. During the implementation of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, some new situations and problems have also emerged, which are prominently reflected in the conflict between the reform policy objectives and the realistic foundation, individual rationality and group rationality, the diversified demands of interest related groups, and the value orientation of science, fairness and efficiency of the college entrance examination reform. With the promotion of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination across the country and the increasing difficulty of the internal and external reform of the education system, there is still a long way to go to steadily promote the reform of the college entrance examination.
    • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
  • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
    The Mediating Effect of Peer Mentoring on the Relationship Between Faculty Mentoring and Research Engagement of Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of the Cognitive Challenge Level of Research Tasks
    ZHOU Zhihui1,2; ZHANG Hongxia1
    2022, 38(07): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.09
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    As a growing high-impact educational practice, undergraduate research has become the academic experience of more and more undergraduates. Through a questionnaire survey of 979 undergraduates in engineering majors, who participated in research activities, it shows that peer mentoring plays an important mediating role in the relationship between faculty mentoring and research engagement of undergraduates; the cognitive challenge level of research tasks in the mediative model plays a moderating role, and the higher the challenge degree of research task is, the greater the direct effect of faculty mentoring is while the smaller the indirect effect is. The research shows that in order to further improve the educational quality of undergraduate research, colleges and universities should excavate excellent peer education resources and enhance the professional level of peer mentoring. Meanwhile, colleges and universities cultivate multi-mentoring team of faculties and peers, and reasonably plan the different mentoring role of faculties and peers.
    • Comparative Education
  • Comparative Education
    Mental Health Security for University Students in the UK: External Support, Internal Strategy and Digital Exploration
    FENG Lei
    2022, 38(07): 55-61. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.10
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    In the face of the increasingly serious mental health problems of university students in recent years, various aspects of students’ mental health security have been strengthened in the UK. Firstly, government departments, university regulatory institutions, health system, professional organizations and universities have worked together to form a sound external support system. Secondly, four key internal security strategies are emphasized by universities, including making students as the core of the design and implement the strategy of mental health, making university as a whole mental health community, making peer support as the powerful tools for the students’ mental health care, and embedding the mental health education in students learning of professional courses. Lastly, as digital security is increasingly important, more efforts are put in the digital technology application on data collection of students’ mental state, early warning of mental problems, diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases, dissemination of mental health knowledge and guarantee experience in universities.
  • Comparative Education
    System Construction and Talent Training Practice of Undergraduate Vocational Education in Japan: A Study on Fourteen Vocational Universities
    WANG Wenli; SU Yue
    2022, 38(07): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.11
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    The fourth industrial revolution promoted the higher education reform and the progress of university classification in Japan. In 2017, Japan established the undergraduate vocational education institution: specialized vocational universities. The vocational universities highlight the characteristics of high-level practical vocational education, focus on training professional talents with excellent creative ability and practical ability, establish a new talent training mode based on school-enterprise cooperation, set disciplines for emerging industries and regional industries, build a modular curriculum system with practicality, develop a high-level faculty team with equal emphasis on practice and research, and construct a talent training mode with unique educational type and high-level vocational education.?The developing concept and system design of Japan’s vocational universities, especially experience of the talent training mode, provides inspiration for exploring and forming talent training mode with Chinese characteristics in China’s undergraduate vocational education.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Employment Destination and Job-Seeking Mentality of PhD Graduates: A Comparative Analysis Based on Two National Surveys
    XU Dandong; SHEN Wenqin; CHEN Hongjie
    2022, 38(07): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.12
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    The expansion of the scale of doctoral education, the outbreak of the COVID-19 and the infiltration of anti-globalization into the field of education complicate the employment situation of doctoral graduates in China. Based on the analysis of the data from the two national surveys in 2017 and 2021, the results show that the proportion of doctoral graduates entering academic institutions has decreased on the whole, and the proportion of postdoctors has increased, but the proportion of overseas postdoctors (mainly in the United States) has decreased significantly. The job-seeking mentality of doctoral graduates tends to be a promising and stable job, with an increasing emphasis on salary and significantly less emphasis on research and publication opportunities. In addition, the employment satisfaction of doctoral graduates has also decreased.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Moving Forward in Reflection: The Development Direction of Doctoral Students Training in the Social Sciences in the UK
    LIU Yujia
    2022, 38(07): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.13
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    Doctoral students of social sciences are the talent foundation that support social sciences to meet the needs of social development. The UK has always attached great importance to the development of social sciences and focused on cultivating a considerable number of high-quality social sciences talents. Doctoral students of social sciences in the UK have ample room for development and considerable talent pool, and the core competencies are still good but need to be further improved. In the process of recruitment, guidance, development and support, doctoral students training in the social sciences in the UK have some contradictions, such as the expansion of admission opportunities and the lack of participation of some groups, the solidification of the tutor’s education concept does not match the change of employment needs, the increase of psychological pressure and the school’s lack of humanistic care, and longer time to obtain a degree and insufficient funding years. The UK Economic and Social Research Council progresses from vision, environment, capability and guarantee to build a reform framework for doctoral students training in social sciences, which is guided by vision and goals, based on environment construction, with ability forging as the core, and guaranteed by system support. Taking the reform experience of social science doctoral students training in the UK as a guide, the development of China’s social science doctoral students training should constantly improve its quality, flexibly adjust its funding methods, and comprehensively relieve its psychological problems.
    • Curriculum and Teaching Reform
  • Curriculum and Teaching Reform
    Can Project-Based Learning Improve the Effectiveness of College English Teaching: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Intervention Studies
    YE Bixin; SANG Guoyuan; DENG Yinghua
    2022, 38(07): 83-88. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.14
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    Project-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method characterized by problem-solving and product-oriented, emphasizing student-based teaching. Restricted by curriculum, teaching resources, and study time, the application of PBL in English teaching faces many challenges. Using meta-analysis, this study systematically analyzes the effectiveness of PBL in college English teaching by selecting 2 329 students from 18 universities. The study finds that PBL has a significant positive impact on college English teaching, including vocabulary teaching, listening and speaking teaching, and reading and writing teaching, but the positive impact on improving students’ learning literacy and efficacy is not significant. In addition, course type, after-class tutoring and study time have a positive moderating effect on college English project-based teaching, while technology use has no significant moderating effect. In order to give full play to the educational value of PBL in college English teaching, teachers can design project themes in line with curriculum objectives, apply technology to assist inquiry learning and product display, ensure the time period of PBL, and provide personalized, multi-channel learning scaffolding and process evaluation.
  • Curriculum and Teaching Reform
    Writing as Communication: How to Build up Theory for College General Writing Courses
    SU Jing
    2022, 38(07): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.15
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    Tsinghua University has made “the Writing and Communication Course” a required general studies course for all students starting in the fall semester of 2020. This study examined the general difficulty of university general education and introduced Habermas’ theory and its interpretation of university philosophy in an attempt to answer the question of the meaning of “the Writing and Communication Course” at Tsinghua University. This study argued that “communication” in Tsinghua University’s “the Writing and Communication Course” could be viewed as “interaction” in Habermas’ sense, which was a helpful endeavor to reconnect the university with the real world and re-establish the rationality of human interaction. Writing could be interpreted as communication through writing. “The Writing and Communication Course” was also a beneficial endeavor to bring freshman students back to the living world and reconstruct the rationality of human connection by strengthening interest orientation, promoting conversation awareness, and encouraging the spirit of argument. “The Writing and Communication Course” aimed to move freshman students away from exam-based and essay-based writing and reacquaint them with the allure of writing as a way of thinking, expression, and human interaction, cultivating and promoting human self-sameness and intersubjectivity, and thus, in response to Marxist educational teleology, which promotes and realizes human growth on all levels.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    Research on the Construction of Evaluation Model of Policy Effectiveness of Specialty Construction in Higher Vocational Education
    WANG Shibin; LIN Yu
    2022, 38(07): 96-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.16
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    Improving quality has become the core issue of the connotation development of higher vocational education in China, specialty construction is an important starting point of its connotation construction. Based on the Delphi method, this paper constructs an evaluation model for the effectiveness of the policy of specialty construction in higher vocational education. It is finds that the whole process of the policy of specialty construction in higher vocational education can be divided into three links: policy formulation, policy implementation and policy test. The effectiveness of professional construction policy in higher vocational education can be divided into four aspects: policy efficiency, policy effectiveness, policy efficiency, policy benefit. At the same time, based on the evaluation model, a specific index system for policy effectiveness evaluation is formed. The indicators corresponding to the whole process and effectiveness of higher vocational education specialty construction policy are input indicators, process indicators, output indicators and impact indicators.
  • Vocational Education
    The Analysis on the Construction and Application of Certification Standard of “Double-Typed Qualities” Teachers in Higher Vocational Colleges: Based on the Investigation and Analysis of 153 Higher Vocational Colleges in 23 Provinces of China
    ZHANG Hong; WANG Haiying
    2022, 38(07): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.07.17
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    Combining the standard construction logic of individual “double-typed qualities” teachers and group “double-typed qualities structure”, this paper investigates the construction and application of the standards of “double-typed qualities” teachers of 153 higher vocational colleges in 23 provinces of China from the perspective of teachers participating in the certification. The results show that all the higher vocational colleges have basically had “double-typed qualities” teachers accreditation standards, and the teachers are generally satisfied with the construction of accreditation standards. The evaluation of standard construction does not show significant difference in the type of colleges, the level of teachers’ educational background and the distribution of professional titles. However, there is a lack of standard consensus in the recognition subjects, objects, conditions and procedures for all provinces, and there is a lack of applicable scope provisions and dynamic incentive guarantee matching the recognition results in the recognition standards, which affects the standardized operation of the recognition of “double-typed qualities” teachers. So we should set up a unified standard for the accreditation of “double-typed qualities” teachers with the guidance of high-level structured teacher team construction, perfect the “double-typed qualities” skill training system and welfare incentive guarantee throughout the whole career life cycle, and promote the structure and overall quality development of “double-typed qualities” teachers.