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  • Special Issues
    Contextualization: The Roots of Chinese Higher Education Modernization
    WU Daguang1,2,3; HU Yanting1
    2023, 39(06): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.01
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    The modernization of higher education is an important part of Chinese modernization. The modernization of higher education in a country should not only have the common characteristics of the modernization of higher education in the world, but also build a system of higher education modernization with local characteristics based on national conditions. This paper sorts out the relationship between “tradition and modernity” and “contextualization and internationalization”, puts forward the proposition of re-understanding modernization from the perspective of contextualization, and analyzes the theoretical connotation and practical logic of contextualization. This paper summarizes the difference of higher education development characteristics between “early-onset endogenous” and “late-onset exogenous” countries. The contextualization of higher education in “early-onset endogenous” countries is the self-upgrading and optimization of the self-created higher education system. The contextualization measures of higher education in “late-onset exogenous” countries are based on their national conditions to transform and innovate the “imported” higher education mode. As a “late-onset exogenous” country, in order to realize the modernization of China’s higher education, China needs not only to learn from the experience of western higher education, but also to take root in China and promote the modernization of China’s higher education through “contextualization” reform.
  • Special Issues
    AIGC Technology Enables New Ideas for Digital Transformation of Higher Education
    ZHU Zhiting; DAI Ling; HU Jiao
    2023, 39(06): 12-19,34. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.02
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    With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, AIGC technology has been more and more widely used, and it has a wide range of prospects and potentials in the field of higher education, but it also brings opportunities and challenges for the innovation of higher educational concepts and changes in approaches. In this regard, the study firstly describes ChatGPT, an example of “text generation” in multiple modalities of AIGC. Then, new ideas for digital transformation of higher education are discussed, including three aspects: high-consciousness learning, skills-based education, and smart education: high-consciousness learning stimulates the subconsciousness of learners, and thus turns to unconscious learning, which can open up a high-dimensional world; skills-based the educational concept of highlighting the priority of skills in education can help to cultivate talents that meet the needs of the future society; smart education integrates skills, morality, knowledge, intelligence and other elements at a high level of consciousness, and can expand the wisdom of education and teaching. Finally, a framework for the comprehensive governance of digital society and culture is proposed, aiming to build a digital moral education system for the mutual benefit of man and machine.
    • Internationalization of Higher Education
  • Internationalization of Higher Education
    Value and Function: The Internationalization of Higher Education from the Perspective of Instrumentalism
    XU Xiaozhou1,2,3; JIANG Zengyu1
    2023, 39(06): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.03
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    This paper tries to demonstrate the concept of higher education, analyzing its expansive characteristics like integrity, contemporaneity, and complicacy in the internationalizing process, from political view, economic view, talent view and cultural view, it shows that instrumentalism is permeating into the values of this process of internationalization of higher education in several ideas, which deeply influenced its policy and management conducts. By analyzing the vision and problems of building a community with a shared future in world higher education, this paper proposes a win-win perspective of cooperation to break out of the pattern restricted by path dependence and traditional limits of educational management, promoting a new mode of collaboration and consultation method to establish a new approach to internationalization of higher education.
  • Internationalization of Higher Education
    A New Typology and the Logic of Policies for Higher Education Internationalization: From the Perspective of International Comparison
    ZHAO He
    2023, 39(06): 28-34. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.04
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    Higher education has long been a vital and powerful driver of global economic and social development. Globalization has brought opportunities and challenges to higher education, and in order to deal with them, internationalization of higher education, once confined to the internal activities of higher education institutions, has been paid more attention by nation-states and put on the policy agenda of countries around the world. National governments play a leading role in the formation of national policies of higher education internationalization. Based on the mobility and the spatial scope of higher education internationalization, a new typology of higher education internationalization can be categorized into four types, i.e., “comprehensively outward-oriented”“transitional-oriented”“regional-focused” and “strategically inward-oriented” internationalization. Different types of national policies for higher education internationalization present different characteristics. In terms of a specific country’s higher education internationalization policy, the deep logic behind the choice of policy mode is inseparable from the strategic demands of different development stages of the country, the changes of the global situation and the contradictions in the reality of inequal internationalization.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    The Policy Logic of the Change of Subjects in the College Entrance Examination from the Perspective of Empirical Data
    LIU Haifeng; ZHU Zuoxiang; ZHU Peipei
    2023, 39(06): 35-42. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.05
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    Choosing a mixed method research design of “large quantity and small quality” to explore the policy change logic reflected in the four dimensions of “promoting students’ healthy growth and development”, “promoting fairness and justice”, “promoting scientific talent selection”, and “promoting the connection and communication between high school and university” in the college entrance examination subjects from “3+comprehensive liberal-arts/comprehensive Sciences” to “3+3” and then to “3+1+2”. The findings indicate that, firstly, the transition from “3+comprehensive liberal-arts/comprehensive sciences” to “3+3” and “3+1+2” autonomous subject selection has made positive explorations in improving students’ learning enthusiasm, communication skills, and enhancing their mental health. However, its role in promoting students’ comprehensive development in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor is still limited. Secondly, compared to “3+3”, “3+1+2” has lower requirements for family economic investment and parental energy investment, and can better safeguard students’ equal rights to differentiated development compared to “3+comprehensive liberal-arts/comprehensive sciences”. Thirdly, “3+3” is most conducive to expanding students’ knowledge, changing the “one exam determines one’s lifetime” and selecting students with a focus on certain subjects, followed by “3+1+2” and “3+comprehensive liberal-arts/comprehensive sciences”. Fourthly, the transformation from “3+comprehensive liberal-arts/comprehensive sciences” to “3+3” and “3+1+2” autonomous subject selection helps students achieve career planning. The transformation from “3+3” to “3+1+2” to some extent weakens students’ freedom to choose university majors and reduces their satisfaction with the results obtained.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Research on the Influencing Factors of the Fairness of New College Entrance Examination from the Perspective of Stakeholders
    LI Muzhou; ZENG Sixin
    2023, 39(06): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.06
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    The fairness of college entrance examination is the cornerstone of educational equity. Different interest groups’ cognition of the fairness of college entrance examination is not only an important factor affecting the process of college entrance examination reform, but also as a key indicator to judge the effectiveness of college entrance examination reform. Based on the theory of equal educational opportunity, taking high school students, high school teachers, university teachers, university students, parents and social people who’re concerned about the reform of new college entrance examination as objects of investigation, studies the influencing factors and paths of fair starting point, fair process and fair result of new college entrance examination reform. The results show that the six groups have higher overall identification and satisfaction with the new college entrance examination reform; and different gender, title, education, occupation groups on the new college entrance examination reform cognition has significant differences; among the groups of high school students, high school teachers and parents, the impact coefficient of process justice on outcome justice is low; among the groups of high school students, high school teachers and parents, reform cognition is the most important factor that affects starting point fairness, the basis of selecting groups, ability motivation and examination content are the main factors that affect process fairness, satisfaction is the most important factor that affects result fairness. During the deepening period of the reform of the NCEE, we should pay attention to the demands of different stakeholders, build a broad consensus in society; and establish a scientific and long-term mechanism for selecting groups, promote the reform of examination contents to meet the new needs students’ ability development; and enhance students’ discipline ability, to build a community of home-school education; promote college entrance examination-related groups to participate in a wide range of practical protection of “participatory equality”.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    How Social Support Systems Affect Students’ Learning Performance in New College Entrance Examination: An Empirical Analysis Based on 14 Provinces Reforming the College Entrance Examination
    QIN Hongxia; ZHENG Mingmin; FANG Fang
    2023, 39(06): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.07
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    Learning performance is the key to measure student development and evaluate the education system. Based on the theoretical perspective of social support, the study empirically constructs the mechanism model of social support system on learning performance to examine the fairness value of the new college entrance examination elective system. Through the investigation of 13 749 college students who have experienced the new college entrance examination, the results show that different from the traditional social support theory, only school support has a direct positive influence on learning performance in the new college entrance examination system. Although the direct effect of family support and peer support is not significant, perceived fairness and student engagement play an important intermediary role in the three support systems for students’ learning performance. In addition, the chain mediated effect further proves the educational value of fairness perception. Therefore, in the comprehensive promotion stage of the new college entrance examination, it is necessary to continuously promote the improvement of the reform-related supporting mechanisms and emphasize the characteristics in the school system; attach importance to the multiple interaction of school support, family support and peer support resources; release more fairness signals.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Comprehensively Improve the Self-Consciousness, Self-Confidence and Self-Drive of Quality of Personnel Training
    HUANG Baoyin
    2023, 39(06): 59-62. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.08
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    Higher education is the most important combination and breakthrough point of education, science and technology and talents. Facing the unprecedented changes in the world in a century and the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, accelerating the modernization of education in China, the historical consciousness of improving the quality of independent training of talents in an all-round way, more urgent than ever. Colleges and universities should firmly establish the core position of personnel training, enhance self-consciousness, strengthen self-confidence and improve self-drive, actively construct independent knowledge system, vigorously improve the ability and level of internal governance, continue to deepen the reform of educational evaluation, carry out high-level international exchanges and cooperation; by strengthening the reserve of talent resources, optimizing the way of talent training, and improving the talent evaluation mechanism, insist on self-cultivation, opening to the outside world, innovation-driven and “trinity” of talent training.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Analysis of the Development Mechanism of First-Class Research Innovation Teams in Universities and Research Institutes: Multi-Case Analysis Based on Top Teams in the Field of Physics
    JI Xiaotian1; PENG Xiaobao2; LIU Ji’an1; ZHAO Wenhua3
    2023, 39(06): 63-71. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.09
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    With the advent of the era of Big Science, the mode of scientific and technological innovation has shifted towards both interest-oriented and goal-oriented organized research mode. The importance of organized research has become increasingly prominent. Research innovation teams have become the top priority of China’s strategic goal of building a powerful country in science and technology. Cases of the three top research innovation teams in the field of physics have been expounded from seven aspects as bellow: the effect of mentorship, cultivation mechanism, research target setting, team composition, assessment and promotion mechanism, academic mobility mechanism and the S&T transformation. Ecosystem theory has been used here to build the development mechanism model of first-class research innovation teams. This paper forms experience that can be used for reference by other teams, in order to be beneficial for universities and research institutes to building more first-class research innovation teams.
  • Research and Exploration
    The National Strategy, Realistic Dilemmas, and Institutional Supply of Discipline Layout in Universities in Western China in the New Era
    QI Zhanyong; SANG Xiaoxin
    2023, 39(06): 72-77,100. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.10
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    Revitalizing higher education in western China is the strategic mission for the high-quality development of higher education in western China in the new era. Optimizing the discipline layout of universities in western China in the new era is a national strategy to serve the major strategic needs of the country, empower the economic transformation and development of western China, and leverage the geographical advantages of traditional disciplines. However, the current development of disciplines in universities in western China is faced with such practical difficulties as weak coupling with regional economic development, insufficient radiation and guidance of disciplines, and the lack of outstanding advantages and characteristics of disciplines. The internal driving force and development vitality of disciplinary construction in universities in western China require strong institutional supply, focusing on activating the internal driving force of disciplinary teams, promoting the cluster development of universities and disciplines, building disciplinary innovation platforms to deepen the integration mechanism of industry and education, and relying on regional advantages to guide the distinctive development of disciplines.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Career Mobility Trajectories, Motivations and Changing Competency Needs of Engineering PhDs
    XU Zhen
    2023, 39(06): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.11
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    How to achieve career mobility, development and contribution in various fields for PhD in engineering as an important national scientific and technological talent is a real topic and research issue worthy of attention. This paper focuses on the career mobility of engineering doctors, based on the analysis of 16 in-depth interviews of industrial employed engineering doctors and 27 online texts, presenting the career mobility trajectory of engineering PhDs from industry back to academia. Based on the three-level coding, we found that career mobility is influenced by social environment and market forces, organizational environment and institutional culture, career development and job characteristics, social network and social capital, career aspirations, ambitions and development demands, and there are commonalities and differences in the demands for the competence of engineering doctors in different workplaces. According to research findings, we put forward suggestions from the government level, enterprise level, university level and individual doctoral level in order to help the independent cultivation, effective mobility and benefits of engineering doctors.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Becoming “Academics”: A Qualitative Study of the Academic Socialization of Doctoral Students in Pedagogy
    ZHAO Xin; ZHU Jiani
    2023, 39(06): 86-92. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.12
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    Socialization in graduate school is the gateway for doctoral students to become researchers. Pursuing an academic career is doctoral students’ main pedagogical destination; however, little is known about their academic journey. Based on the coding of grounded theory, this paper analyzed the in-depth interview data of 15 doctoral students and the institutional texts of 6 colleges, explored the core elements and mechanism of their academic socialization, and constructed the academic socialization model for doctoral students in pedagogy. The study found that motivation mainly plays a role in the expected socialization phase; The institution and interpersonal interaction are the guarantee and supporting elements in the stage of collective socialization; The stage of personal socialization depends on the level of self-leadership and organizational support, dividing four categories: active construction, self-accumulation, seeking outside assistance, and receiving discipline. Well-matched mentoring relationships and a supportive institutional environment help maintain and sustain their strong motivation and achieve academic socialization successfully.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    Positive Understanding and Response to the “Identity Crisis” in Vocational Undergraduate Education: The Perspective of Social Identity Theory
    LU Yuzheng
    2023, 39(06): 93-100. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.13
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    Vocational undergraduate education, as a new form of high shift in vocational education, faces a crisis of low social identity. Traditional literature has argued that vocational undergraduate education faces problems such as a weak educational foundation, low social status, and blocked legal identity, but there are thought limitations to these understandings. A re-interpretation of the above issues based on social identity theory finds that the “identity crisis” is actually a manifestation of the populace’s selection tendencies in the face of diversified education, and it is also the salience of professional attributes in vocational undergraduate education after individuals’ minds are open, more so that the adherence to professional attributes is universal and improves the understanding of people’s satisfied education. In order to reshape the social image of vocational undergraduate education, we need to enhance identification perceptions, maintain identity emotions, create motivation for identification, and push-up identification behaviors, so as to highlight the profound value of vocational undergraduate education in the education function, the orientation of schools, the training and teaching link of talents.
  • Vocational Education
    The Effect, Problems and Suggestions of Informatization Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges Under the Background of Digital Transformation: A Survey from 226 Higher Vocational Colleges in 28 Provinces
    GUO Rifa1; YANG Chengming2; LI Meng1; ZHOU Qian1
    2023, 39(06): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.06.14
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    Informatization teaching is an important dimension reflecting the development quality of higher vocational colleges in the digital era, and also an important starting point to promote digital transformation. This study used a questionnaire survey method to investigate 6 973 teachers from 226 vocational colleges in 28 provinces across the country. And the purpose of this paper is to explore the achievements, problems and reasons of informatization teaching in higher vocational colleges under the background of digital transformation. Research has found that the “innovation power” of the current informationization teaching scene in vocational colleges, the “support power” of informationization infrastructure, the “guarantee power” of informationization teaching environment, and the “development power” of informationization teaching practice have significantly improved. However, there are issues such as “integration cold” behind “technology hot”, “lagging behind” in the use of digital educational resources, and obvious “shortcomings” in teachers’ information-based teaching abilities. Therefore, higher vocational colleges need to promote the shift of information technology equipment from “built” to “used”, focus on the co-construction and sharing of digital education resources, practice the concept of “new infrastructure”, and enhance teachers’ information technology teaching ability, so that to realize the digital transformation of vocational education with high-quality development of information-based teaching.