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  • Special Issues
    Curriculum and Program: Educational Reform for the Universal Higher Education System
    XIE Weihe
    2022, 38(02): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.01
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    The paper developed its argument based on one of the main characteristics of universal higher education - the expanding variance of student body. It examines the variance of student body in regards of its history and status quo, social-culture background, and region and individual dimension. It suggests that universities should focus on increasing the provision of courses, enriching curriculum types and reforming program. This paper then analyzes the paths for universities to deepen educational reform, in particular how the reform of program will bring challenges to teaching and management in higher education. Also, it addresses the significance and value of reforming program to cultivating innovative talents and promoting students’ personalized development.
    • High-Quality Development of Higher Education
  • High-Quality Development of Higher Education
    High-Quality Development of Higher Education: From the Perspective of “Common Good”
    LIN Miaoyu; WANG Jianhua
    2022, 38(02): 6-12. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.02
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    “High-quality development” is a new concept in the field of higher education in recent years. High-quality development of higher education requires higher education to transform existing economic thinking and promote individual free and all-round development in a humanistic way. “Common Good” is an issue put forward by UNESCO in 2015. It has important enlightenment significance for the high-quality development of higher education both in concept reconstruction and practical construction. Higher education in the era of Globalization should not only achieve high-quality development in talent training, but also shoulder social responsibilities and maintain common interests. Only by looking at the development of higher education from a more comprehensive and complete perspective can we truly realize the high-quality development of higher education.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    The Dilemma and Resolving Strategy of New College Entrance Examination Reform
    YAN Kun; WU Han
    2022, 38(02): 13-20. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.03
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    The reform of new college entrance examination is a multi-faceted, sophisticated and systematic project with many variables. At present, nevertheless, there are few empirical studies researching systematically on the dilemma and challenges encountered in the reform. This study has took 13 teachers and 15 students as research objects who have participated in the new college entrance examination reform in different regions and batches. Based on the qualitative research methods, this study constructed a problem-and-challenge model of the reform. It is found that the problems and challenges of the new college entrance examination reform lie in three main categories: feasibility, equity, scientific nature. Among them, feasibility is an important prerequisite for the reform’s implementation while equity and scientific nature are the most basic value categories that affect the reform’s functioning.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    A Study on the Learning Adaptability and Its Influencing Factor of Undergraduate Students of the New College Entrance Examination
    NAN Xiaopeng; WANG Xinfeng
    2022, 38(02): 21-28. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.04
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    The learning adaptability of undergraduate students of the new college entrance examination is an important index to understand the effect of the college entrance examination reform and of students’ academic performance. It is found from the large-scale survey of the pilot province that: as for the aspects of the total, cognition and learning ability, learning input and professional knowledge, learning environment, and the learning strategies, the learning adaptability of undergraduate students having gone through the new college entrance examination is quite good. They had diffiiculty in adapting curriculum and teaching arrangement. The learning adaptability of the new college entrance examination students is not only affected by both factors from students themselves and their family, but also shows some differences because of the effectiveness as well as measures of the new college entrance examination reform, and learning support strategies of school. To improve the learning adaptability of students of the new college entrance examination, attention should be paid to both students’ individual differences and family background factors. What’s more, it is important to improve the examination and enrollment system, to explore the talent training mode to suitable for the new college entrance examination and to improve the talent training quality.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    On the Choice of Subjects in College Entrance Examination and Equality of Opportunity in Higher Education: Does Dropping Physics Examination Increase College Chances
    YANG Qian
    2022, 38(02): 29-34+41. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.05
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    Fairness, appropriateness and excellence are the three value goals pursued by the reform of college entrance examination subjects. In the process of reform, some students expect to increase the chance of entering higher education by giving up the physics examination, which leads to the decline of the number of students taking the physics examination, and has a negative impact on the future career development of individuals and the cultivation of national scientific and technological talents. Based on relevant data, this paper explores whether abandoning physics contributes to the improvement of admission chances. The results show that the entrance chances of science subjects are all higher than those of liberal arts subjects, especially physics. Students with low academic performance, rural areas and weak schools and female students’ avoidance of science actually aggravates their weak position in the competition for admission opportunities. Therefore, the subject reform of college entrance examination should pay attention to the dynamic and quantitative investigation of the preferences of different groups of students and the differentiation of higher education opportunities. And through the establishment of a system of high school guidance mechanism，to strengthen the college enrollment reform to promote the rational choice of college entrance examination subjects, so as to promote the realization of the three value goals of college entrance examination reform.
    • Education Evaluation Reform
  • Education Evaluation Reform
    Knowledge Transformation and Evaluation Shift: Dilemma and Reconstruction of the Research Talent Evaluation in Universities
    YANG Jiale; GAO Yao
    2022, 38(02): 35-41. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.06
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    Profound knowledge is the logical starting point of research work. There exist research talent evaluation dilemmas in universities currently, like taking SCI/SSCI as the golden evaluation standard, evaluation approach is one-size-all, evaluation scope is limited to single discipline and evaluation technique is quantitative. Solving these dilemmas need return to the knowledge perspective. With knowledge evaluation standard shifting from global to local, knowledge production mode shifting from homogeneous to heterogeneous, knowledge disciplinary boundary shifting from clear to fuzzy, and knowledge growth impetus shifting from entire rationality to bounded rationality, the evaluation system of research talents is in urgent need of reform. Reform directions include constructing evaluation standards with Chinese characteristics, refining the classification evaluation, exploring cross-disciplinary evaluation and observing laws to perform comprehensive evaluation.
  • Education Evaluation Reform
    The Frontier Trends and Chinese Path of Learning Assessment of Undergraduates
    XIA Huanhuan
    2022, 38(02): 42-47. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.07
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    Education assessment needs to return to the essence of education. The learning assessment of undergraduates can not only improve teaching, but also promote the holistic development of students. Nowadays, learning assessment of undergraduates is integrated with the concept of assessment as learning, and the assessment content pays more attention to learning literacy of undergraduates, assessment methods have shifted from managerialism to constructivism, with more emphasis on establishing the alignment of teaching and assessment. In view of the current cutting-edge trends of learning assessment of undergraduates, reflect on the challenges faced by learning assessment of undergraduates in China, and put forward suggestions for improving learning assessment of undergraduates in the future: updating the assessment concept, establishing the alignment of teaching and assessment; attaching importance to learning literacy of undergraduates, and continuously improve learning ability of undergraduates; changing teaching assessment strategies, put learners at the center of assessment; balancing the internal and external tension of learning assessment of undergraduates.
    • Teacher Education
  • Teacher Education
    What Kind of the Professional Title Structure of University Teachers Helps to Obtain Academic Resources and Improve Output
    CHEN Wenbo; YANG Wenjie
    2022, 38(02): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.08
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    Based on the inter-school dynamic panel data of 31 universities in China from 2007 to 2018, the study uses the systematic GMM method to analyze the relationship between the professional title structure of university teachers and academic resources and academic output, and finds that teachers with senior professional titles have a significant positive impact on the number of projects and funding.Teachers with senior and deputy senior titles have a significant impact on academic output; there is a significant “inverted U-shaped” relationship between the professional title structure of university teachers and resource acquisition and academic output; after a certain proportion of teachers with senior and deputy senior titles, project quantity, project funding, and academic output can reach the theoretical optimum respectively. Based on this, relevant subjects can strengthen the construction of the teaching team by optimizing the structure of teachers’ professional titles and reforming the personnel management system.
  • Teacher Education
    An Empirical Study on the Rationale and Influencing Factors of Internationalization of Full-Time University Faculties: Based on the Questionnaire Survey of S University
    LIU Jian
    2022, 38(02): 55-61. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.09
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    Based on Jane Knight’s theory on the rationale of internationalization of higher education, this paper analyzes the rationale and influencing factors of the internationalization of higher education from the perspective of full-time faculties, one of the most direct stakeholders of higher education, by using random sampling, questionnaires and statistical tools. This paper finds that some sample characteristics of full-time faculties have different effects on rationale; the overall negative impact is much smaller than the overall positive impact; the consistency of some factors reflects the positive development of internationalization of higher education. This paper puts forward that there should be a relatively unified understanding of internationalization among full-time faculties within the department; full-time faculties should be encouraged to promote the internationalization of universities from a more diversified perspective; special attention should be paid to the benefits gained by full-time faculties from the development of internationalization of universities; and it is necessary to stimulate the driving force of internationalization of full-time faculties and make adaptive adjustment, etc.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    A Mixed-Methods Study on the Practice and Effects of “Application-Assessment”: A Perspective from Doctoral Supervisors at a High-Level University
    GUO Errong; ZHANG Xi; LIU Tianzi
    2022, 38(02): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.10
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    The “application-assessment” system is spreading in Chinese universities, but how it is implemented in departments remains understudied; its effects are also debatable. We conducted a mixed-methods study at a top university to analyze doctoral recruitment in different disciplines and its effects. It is found that, due to different epistemology and level of consensus, systematic differences exist in test arrangement and decision-making process among disciplines. When there is no written test, and when the power of supervisors and other committee members is balanced, professors think that the effects of the “application-assessment” are better. The results indicate the need for collective governance, respecting academic cultures, and a balance between formal fairness and substantive fairness.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Time Investment and Student Competences: Evidence from Global Doctoral Student Survey
    LIU Xiao; XIE Ping
    2022, 38(02): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.11
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    The innovation ability of doctoral students is an important index to evaluate the quality of doctoral education. With growing varieties of job opportunities for PhD graduates, in addition to academic innovation capability, generic skills that PhD students possess are becoming more and more crucial. Based on the data of 5 383 doctoral students in 15 countries from the “Global doctoral Survey” conducted by Nature in 2019, OLS regression, seemingly unrelated regression and threshold effect model were used to analyze the relationship between time input of independent learning and interaction with supervisors and doctoral students’ academic and generic competences. It is found that, compared with other countries, the generic ability of Chinese doctoral students is better, but the academic ability is insufficient. Secondly, within the measured time investment range, the two abilities of doctoral students do not constantly improve with the increase of independent learning time, but show a cubic curve relationship. The results of sub-sample regression remain robust. In addition, the time investment of interaction with the supervisor not only significantly promotes the development of the two abilities of doctoral students, but also relatively delays the emergence of the decline inflection point. Rather than being “foolhardy” on their own, doctoral students should communicate more with their supervisors to obtain better guidance and supervision, which would facilitate them to “work skillfully”.
    • Comparative Education
  • Comparative Education
    Transition, Hybridization and Convergence: Three Modes of Integration of Vocational and Academic Education in Germany
    SUN Jin; GUO Rongmei
    2022, 38(02): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.12
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    The integration of vocational education and academic education refers to the existence of reciprocal transfer and connection between the two educational systems, or their combination or integration in educational elements such as curricula, teaching, and qualifications. In Germany, there was a long-standing problem of separation between vocational education and academic education, but after decades of reform, three main modes of integration have been explored: transition, which refers to the existence of reciprocal transfer and connection between vocational education and academic education; hybridization, which refers to the combination of pedagogical elements of vocational education and academic education; and convergence, which refers to the development of cross-field courses that integrate vocational education and academic education, represents the latest trend of this development. The integration of vocational and academic education in Germany is characterized by its multiple forms and a high degree of integration. The governance of educational policymakers, the establishment of relevant institutions such as national qualification framework, the close cooperation of stakeholders, and the support of high-quality research are the main factors contributing to this development.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Analysis on the Supporting System of the Higher Education to Promote the Cross-Strait Integrated Development
    ZHANG Wendong; LEI Peiliang; SUN Baizhang; LIN Xiaoping
    2022, 38(02): 83-88. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.13
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    As a strategic plan and feasible development approach for cross-straits relations in the new era, integrated development is also the application and practice of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the important statements on Taiwan-related work. Higher education is an essential junction part, a major promoter and a great pioneer of cross-strait integrated development. We will focus on the needs of the cross-strait integrated development, build a system for cross-strait integrated development in higher education and thus form an supporting system of the higher education to well promote the cross-strait integrated development.
  • Research and Exploration
    Research on the Integration Mechanism of Industry and Education in Emerging Engineering Based on Knowledge Form
    WEI Chunyan; FANG Yiquan; HENG Xiaoqing
    2022, 38(02): 89-94. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.14
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    Based on the analysis of knowledge morphology, the Knowledge of Emerging Engineering exhibits some features of technical sciences. To be specific, for the sake of resolving the practical problems in engineering, there must be an emergence of Interdisciplinary collaboration among the different fields of Knowledge of engineering, consequently, the productive process of Knowledge of Emerging Engineering is located in “New Pasteur’s Quadrant”. It implies accordingly that, the way of productive process of Knowledge of Emerging Engineering and furthermore of integration of production and education, shows characteristics respectively of interactivity between industry and education, integration of industry and education, collaboration of the productive units of the knowledge, the reflexive relation of the heterogeneous knowledge productive subject. Therefrom, there is an approach accordingly of building the production and education ecosystem of Emerging Engineering, firstly by strengthening its top-level design, then secondly by breaking the boundary between industry and education, thirdly by building the industry and education community of common future, and at last by building platforms.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    Vocational Didactics: An Important Basic Discipline for Vocational Education Research
    ZHAO Zhiqun
    2022, 38(02): 95-101. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.15
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    Vocational education is a unique type of education, and the research on teaching theory with “type characteristics” of vocational education is of great significance. The vocational didactics，a discipline of “how to teach persons for industrial occupations”, is the basic subject of vocational education teacher training suggested by UNESCO. This paper discusses the basic concepts and characteristics of the vocational didactics, and examines the relevance of the basic principles of general didactics to vocational education. Vocational education should create more opportunities for learners to learn independently, while maintaining the basic characteristics of learning as a collective activity of community of practice; it should realize the integration of workplace learning and school learning, and ensure that learners become the main subject of the teaching-learning process through comprehensive interdisciplinary learning tasks in different learning places. The development of modern society not only shapes a new learning paradigm of vocational education, but also endows vocational learning with rich social significance. How to take into account the development of personality and social needs in high-quality vocational education, is an important task of vocational didactics research.
  • Vocational Education
    Research on Orientation of Vocational College Education under the Background of Vocational Undergraduate Education Development
    LI Sheng; XU Guoqing
    2022, 38(02): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.02.16
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    The establishment of vocational undergraduate education has caused the squeeze and challenge to the running of vocational college education. However, vocational college education is still the main body of modern vocational education system from the perspective of policy direction, industrial structure demand, modern vocational education system element division, international vocational education experience. In the face of squeeze and challenge, vocational college education needs to compete with vocational undergraduate education in dislocation, the core is the dislocation of talent training objectives, that is, vocational college education is positioned at specialized skills, vocational undergraduate education is positioned at professional skills. Vocational college education should carry out the dislocation design of curriculum content based on the comparison of the work content characteristics of the two types of skilled personnel. In order to give full play to its main position, the key to the next development of vocational college education is to strengthen the characteristics of running schools and improve the quality of running schools. The specific idea is to strengthen its own school-running characteristics based on orientation, specialty and personnel training process; In addition, we should improve the quality of education in standardizing the specialty setting, deepening the curriculum construction, and digging into the function of school-enterprise cooperation in educating students.