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  • Feature
    Operating Ideas and Construction Paths of Application-Oriented Colleges and Universities
    BIE Dunrong
    2022, 38(04): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.01
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    Applied universities are a group of higher education institutions with various levels, categories and levels. The established goal of the construction and development of many colleges and universities lies in application-oriented colleges and universities. Historically, the establishment and development of such colleges and universities have laid the organizational system foundation for higher education from elite to popularization and then to universalization. These existing logic and operating organization mechanism have their particularity, which are mainly reflected in utility, reality and practice. These operating system generally includes five aspects: applied disciplines, “double qualified” teaching staff, applied talent training mode, application-oriented functional platform, school-enterprise cooperation and so on. However, different time and space environments have different needs for running application-oriented colleges and universities, which also shape their different qualities. The construction of application-oriented colleges and universities cannot be one size fits all. They should choose a path suitable for their own characteristics and needs.
  • Feature
    Study of Leap-Forward Development of Local Higher Education: A Case Study of Shenzhen Higher Education
    XU Jianling
    2022, 38(04): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.02
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    Many places in China have proposed to accelerate the leap-forward development of higher education. The fruitful development of higher education in Shenzhen can serve as a reference example. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan period, Shenzhen has improved the comprehensive strength of higher education and achieved breakthrough innovation as it has gradually realized that the relationship between higher education and the city is “mutual promotion and common growth”. Shenzhen higher education actively explores a leap-forward path that pays equal attention to self-running introduction and quality improvement, which provides important experiences for other places from the three dimensions of government, higher education institutions and society. The problems and lessons brought by the leap-forward development of Shenzhen higher education and the common issues concerned by the leap-forward development of local higher education are also worth discussing.
    • Interdisciplinary Construction
  • Interdisciplinary Construction
    Interdisciplinary Construction: Connotation, Implementation Dilemma and Promotion Strategies
    CUI Yubao; LI Jinlong; ZHANG Shulin
    2022, 38(04): 16-22. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.03
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    On the basis of defining the concepts of discipline and interdisciplinary, it is pointed out that the content of interdisciplinary construction includes creating interdisciplinary atmosphere, promoting interdisciplinary research and establishing interdisciplinary construction. It analyzes the difficulties of interdisciplinary construction from the aspects of the promotion of the “Double First-Class” construction, the practical exploration of universities and the policy environment, and puts forward some promotion strategies, including strengthening policy guidance and highlighting the interdisciplinary construction in the “Double First-Class” construction, strengthening practical exploration and promoting the organizational and institutional innovation of interdisciplinary construction in the universities, improving the policy system and providing strong institutional guarantee for the interdisciplinary construction of the universities.
  • Interdisciplinary Construction
    Research on the Policy Process of Interdisciplinary Category Setting in China: Multi-Source Flow Theory Based on Embedded Institution
    WANG Tao
    2022, 38(04): 23-28. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.04
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    The policy of setting up interdisciplinary categories in 2020 is of great significance. Through the analysis of the policy-making process by constructing the multi-source flow theoretical analysis framework embedded in the institution, it is found that the source of problem consist of the indicators of the shortage of interdisciplinary talents in China, the focus events proposed by national leaders, and the information feedback that the current policy can’t promote the development effectively of interdisciplinary. The formation of policy community and policy “endogenous spillover effect” constitute the source of policy; The attention of the people and the policies and ideas of the Communist Party of China on education constitute the political source. After the opening of the “policy window” of the National Graduate Education Conference, policy entrepreneur worked hard to promote the three stream coupling, finally promoted the introduction of the policy. Two aspects of enlightenment are obtained: one is to think about the development direction of interdisciplinary in the future from the policy-making process of interdisciplinary category setting; the other is to think about the “localization” process of John Kingdon’s multi-source flow theory in analyzing China’s policy-making.
    • Emerging Engineering Education
  • Emerging Engineering Education
    Research on College for Future Technology Revolution in Japan: Remixing, Area, Individual Major and Competency-Based Education
    LU Xiaodong; LI Weijun
    2022, 38(04): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.05
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    The College for Future Technology Revolution (CFTR) carries the mission of training future leaders in key core technologies and achieving technology revolution. Revolution in technology means the courage to shed/deny technology that is maturing. The CFTR is just starting up in China, and the courage to shed/deny technology is not sufficient. In this paper, we take the School of Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation (ISI) of Kyushu University in Japan as an example and explore its cultivating goal, area, training programme, curriculum, entrance selection and the connection between high school and higher education. From the perspective of remixing, ISI is essentially a third type of remixing that integrates natural science/technical knowledge with humanities and social knowledge for human needs. The implications of ISI include: whether the core directions of CFTR can focus on the third type of remixing; giving some colleges the autonomy to set undergraduate majors; exploring the construction of individual major; cultivating students’ ability to generate their own research questions; grasping the concept of area in order to explore problem-based scholarship; future-oriented and competency-based education should be the focus of CFTR.
  • Emerging Engineering Education
    How Engineering Transforming Towards the Trends of Intelligence: Case Study of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT
    ZHENG Lina; WU Ruilin
    2022, 38(04): 37-43+63. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.06
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    The integration of engineering education and emerging technologies is essential for both higher education and technological innovation globally. Guiding by the idea of technology-enabled and discipline-led, the Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT integrates with the trends of intelliegence via facilitating the development of disciplinary platoforms, colloboration networks, programs, and curricular structures to be sustainable, and satisfy future needs for technologies and education in the filed of aerospace. The Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT provides lessons for the transformation and upgradation of engineering education, the continuous and further development of Emerging Engineering Education, and the education of engineers in the new ear in China from the combination of emerging technologies, the assimilation of emerging needs, as well as the integration of multiple disciplines.
    • Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
  • Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
    From “Section Structure” to “Platform Organization”: Organizational Change of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Universities
    WANG Zhiqiang
    2022, 38(04): 44-50. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.07
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    The essential attributes of innovation and entrepreneurship education should have two prescriptive qualities: Firstly, the logical starting point of entrepreneurship education is “entrepreneurship”, in terms of spirituality, entrepreneurship education aims to cultivate a mind based on innovation among university students, emphasizing the cultivation and stimulation of their inner psychology, such as the spirit of adventure, the will to explore, and the desire for material and spiritual wealth. Secondly, the logical focus of entrepreneurship education continues to return to “education”, through systematic and institutional arrangements, to bring out the potential entrepreneurial spirit of university students, so that they can spontaneously, naturally and freely use the knowledge, skills and experience they have acquired, and have the ability and willingness to start their own businesses. The new structural view of innovation and entrepreneurship education emphasizes the transformation from a “hierarchical system” to a “platform organization”, transforming the linear and functional organizational structure, which has lost its creativity, into an open platform organization with endogenous growth. Therefore, innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities must be structurally transformed into a platform-based organization, characterized by the respect and freedom that inspires each participant, to enhance the vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
  • Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
    The Influencing Factors of Lower Grade Undergraduates’ Innovation Capability in Science and Technology Based on Structural Equation Model
    ZHUANG Yan; LIU Yang
    2022, 38(04): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.08
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    Improving the innovation capability in science and technology of undergraduates in lower grade is an important starting point for improving the quality of talent training in colleges and universities. By establishing the influencing factor model of scientific and technological innovation ability of undergraduates in lower grade and starting with a questionnaire survey, this study explores the effects of students’ own characteristics, tutor guidance and school organization guarantee on scientific and technological innovation ability of undergraduates in lower grade. The results show that the three factors have a positive impact on the innovation capability in science and technology of undergraduates in lower grade, and there is a two-way positive impact among the three factors. Accordingly, this paper puts forward specific measures to improve the scientific and technological innovation ability of lower grade undergraduates from three aspects: enriching the forms of participation, strengthening the interaction between teachers and students and increasing support for students’ scientific and technological innovation.
  • Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
    Statistics and Analysis of Higher Education Research Papers in Universities and Colleges in 2021: A Study Based on the Literatures of 14 Chinese High Influential Educational Journals
    China Higher Education Research Editorial Office
    2022, 38(04): 57-63. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.09
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    The statistical analysis of scientific research papers in higher education by national colleges and universities in 2021 shows that the distribution status of publication is maintaining unbalanced. In the field of higher education scientific research, “Double First-Class” construction universities occupy an absolutely large part of the publication territory, while public higher vocational colleges contribute less and their participation is on a downward trend. The contribution of the branches of Ministry of Education (MOE) and affiliated institutions of MOE cannot be ignored. The contribution of colleges and universities in the eastern region is significantly higher than that in the central, western and northeastern regions. The proportions of articles with one author and co-author of 2 are basically the same. The core active authors group shows a dual feature of stability and openness. Researches in higher education always have the characteristics of positive response for important educational, social and policy issues.
  • Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
    Diversification, Collaboration and Innovation: Promote High-Quality Development of Teaching Materials Construction for Higher Education: A Study Based on Descriptive Analysis of the First National Teaching Materials Construction Awards
    JIN Wenwang; LI Zhengfu; LIU Tianyi
    2022, 38(04): 64-70. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.10
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    The National Teaching Materials Construction Awards is the highest award in the field of teaching materials in China, which is of great significance to promote the quality of teaching materials. The descriptive analysis of the higher education rewarded textbooks in the first National Teaching Materials Construction Awards shows that the proportion of engineering textbooks is high, while the proportion of humanities textbooks is low. Reprinted textbooks account for 85% of the total, however there are few digital textbooks. The “Double First-Class” construction universities are the main source of the main Chinese editors who compiled the rewarded textbooks. Cooperative compilation is the mainstream of the rewarded textbooks, but there are few multi-cooperative textbooks. The number of first editors with academic titles such as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences or Chinese Academy of Engineering accounted for 32.4% of the total. The regional distribution of the main Chinese editors’ workplaces is unbalanced. More than 91% of the textbooks are published by the first-level national Publishing Houses or central Publishing Houses. Based on these findings, it is necessary to take multiple measures to promote the diversified development of teaching materials construction in different disciplines, universities and regions, to build a multivariate cooperation pattern of teaching materials compilation team, and to keep pace with The Times to promote the continuous innovation of textbook contents and forms, so as to better promote the high-quality development of teaching materials construction for higher education.
    • Development of Teachers in Universities
  • Development of Teachers in Universities
    Research on the Academic Identity Formation of Early-Career Academics in Research Universities
    HAN Shuangmiao; XIE Jing
    2022, 38(04): 71-77. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.11
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    The increasingly influence of new managerialism has established an academic order that focuses on performance, competition and control, gradually weakening the professionalism featured with professional work and academic identity. Therefore, the early-career academics (ECAs)’ identity formation is influenced by the two conflicting forces. The study identifies two core elements that affect ECAs’identity formation: the degree of matching between one’s internal beliefs and external expectations; and the motive power for identity formation. Based on the two dimensions, the study proposes four types of pathways for ECAs’ identity formation: self-determination, duplicity, mutualism and leading with beliefs. The study further conducts semi-structured interviews with ECAs in a selected research university and examines different types of ECAs regarding their beliefs, resources, psychological processes, perceptions of internal-external relationship and institutional settings in the identity formation process. The benign academic identity formation requires not only continuous improvement of the institutional building and the academic community, but also ECAs’ active agency in professional development.
  • Development of Teachers in Universities
    An Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of Teachers’ Research Collaboration in “Double First-Class” Construction Universities
    HUANG Xuemei
    2022, 38(04): 78-84. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.12
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    The mixed research method is used to explore the influencing factors of teachers’ research collaboration. Based on the theory of planned behavior and qualitative data analysis, a model of influencing factors for teachers’ research collaboration choice was constructed. The structural equation model was used to analyze the 1 945 survey samples of 38 “Double First-Class” construction universities. The results showed that the relative advantages (attitude toward the behavior), disciplinary culture (subjective norms), research evaluation system (subjective norms) and organizational resources(perceived behavioral control) had a significant indirect influence on collaboration of teachers through the willingness to collaboration. Among them, the research evaluation system played a significant negative role. Therefore, universities should optimize the research evaluation system, provide opportunities and platforms for teachers and respect the self-organization of research collaboration.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Research on the Influence Path of Professional Doctoral Education on Doctoral Career Development: Based on the National Survey of Professional Doctorate Education Quality
    HAN Shuang; LUO Yingzi
    2022, 38(04): 85-90. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.13
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    The professional doctoral education differs from the traditional academic doctoral education due to its unique career-oriented characteristics, which arouses public doubts about its educational function. Based on the national survey of professional doctorate education quality, this research explores the influence path that professional doctoral education affects individual career development by empirical analysis and concludes the function of professional doctoral education. It is found that the doctoral degree not only has significant production functions, but also has certain signal functions. The specific characteristics are as follows: First, the professional doctoral education promotes the career development of graduated doctors by accelerating their human capital accumulation. Secondly, the professional doctoral diploma has a direct impact on the individual’s professional development and status acquisition.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Whether the Cultivation Environment Affects the Research Belief and Research Performance of Doctoral Students: Based on the Survey of 37 “Double First-Class” Construction Universities
    WANG Siyao; CAI Honghong
    2022, 38(04): 91-96. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.14
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    In order to explore the influence of cultivation environment on doctoral students’ research belief and performance, a structural equation model based on social cognition theory was constructed by analyzing the survey data of 4 521 doctoral students from 37 “Double First-Class” construction universities. The results showed that doctoral students’ overall satisfaction with the cultivation environment was high, but the research efficacy was insufficient, the research pressure was high, the task-oriented performance improved faster, and the innovative performance increased slowly. Research conditions in the cultivation environment can significantly predict doctoral students’ research beliefs, but the influence of research conditions on innovative performance and task-based performance can only be indirectly generated through research efficacy and research pressure. The tutor support and academic atmosphere in the cultivation environment can not only directly affect the research belief and research performance of doctoral students, but also indirectly affect the research performance through research efficacy and research pressure, respectively. In order to improve the quality of doctoral education, it is necessary to respect the law of scientific development, create a good training environment, and strengthen humanistic care and psychological intervention for doctoral students.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    Professional Development of Teachers in Vocational Colleges and Universities: Connotation Characteristics, Stage Division and Realization Path
    ZHUANG Xizhen
    2022, 38(04): 97-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.15
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    As a profession, teachers in vocational colleges and universities have five characteristics: heterogeneity of professional objects, generative course content, cross-border nature of working environment, individuality of teaching means and stages of career development. Its professional development path has two major characteristics: the special content and type of knowledge required for specialization, and the special organizational environment in which the specialization is located. Based on this, the professional development of teachers in vocational colleges and universities mainly revolves around the three dimensions of professional knowledge, professional skills and professional quality, and goes through four stages of “novice - skilled - proficient-expert”. To improve the professional development level of teachers in vocational colleges and universities, we should give play to the role of vocational and technical teacher education in cultivating professional teachers, build a support mechanism for the professional development of teachers in vocational colleges and universities that integrates pre-job and post-work, create an on-the-spot practical training model for the training of specialized teachers in vocational colleges and universities, and build a solid internal and external system for the professional development of teachers in vocational colleges and universities.
  • Vocational Education
    The Value Implication, Realistic Dilemma and Optimization Countermeasures of 1+X Certificate System: Based on the “Three Orientations” Perspective of Vocational Education
    ZHANG Guomin
    2022, 38(04): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.04.16
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    “Market-oriented, practice-oriented and everyone-oriented” is the basic orientation of high-quality development of modern vocational education. As an institutional innovation that reflects the characteristics of vocational education in the new era, 1+X certificate system plays an important role in enhancing the function of employment education, strengthening the characteristics of practical education and promoting the construction of lifelong vocational education system in the process of realizing “three orientations” in vocational education. However, the study found that during the three years of pilot project, the system was mainly faced with practical difficulties, such as doubt of the value of certificates, insufficient support of teaching resources and lack of standards related to credit banks. In order to ensure the high-quality implementation of 1+X certificate system, in the process of operation, the 1+X certificate system needs to make innovations and breakthroughs in the aspects of quality assurance mechanism construction, teaching resource elements construction, and credit bank related standards formulation.