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    High-Quality Development of Higher Education
  • High-Quality Development of Higher Education
    The Enlightenment on the Round of Degree-Granting Authorization and Accreditation: Private Undergraduate Universities Should Expand Educational Vision and Focus on Propelling High-Quality Development
    ZHONG Binglin
    2022, 38(05): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.01
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    Private higher education has been an indispensable part of higher education in China. The successful practice of master-degree granting authorization in private universities and colleges has demonstrated that: under the circumstance of education development as well as the implementation of the new law on private education, it is essential for private universities to think outside the box of internal competition in private institutions for expanding educational vision. Furthermore, these institutions are expected to reinforce the realization for full potential of high-quality development through scientifically selecting development strategy and path, from the perspective of running-school thoughts, development orientation, talent cultivation, the building of teaching workforce, the discipline construction, scientific research, governance system and culture construction, etc.
  • High-Quality Development of Higher Education
    Theoretical Basis and Direction Guidance of High-Quality Education Development
    LIU Zhentian
    2022, 38(05): 8-13+33. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.02
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    The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward a new expression of high-quality development, indicating that China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a new stage of high-quality development, thus pointing out a new direction for the national economic and social development in the new era. High-quality development of education is its due meaning. The establishment of high-quality education system and the realization of high-quality development of education are inseparable from the correct theoretical guidance. The modernization theory, Marxist theory of human’s all-round development and China’s new era and new development concept constitute the conceptual basis for high-quality development of education. In fact, the modernization theory plays the role as the teleological basis, the Marxist theory of human’s all-round development as the axiological basis, and the new development concept as the methodological basis for high-quality development of education respectively.
    • Undergraduate Education
  • Undergraduate Education
    Undergraduate Transcripts: An Important Issue that has been Overlooked
    WU Daguang; YE Meijin
    2022, 38(05): 14-19. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.03
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    Undergraduate transcripts have important practical value and research value, and undergraduate transcripts have moved from purely academic value to market value, and even have the value of sociological significance as well. Undergraduate transcripts are all the traces of university students’ learning effectiveness during their undergraduate career, and each transcript carries many elements of the teaching process, directly or indirectly reflecting the quality of talent training and teaching management. However, undergraduate transcripts have been neglected for a long time, and there is a lack of systematic research on the existence value, practical value and improvement process of transcripts. Based on some data presented in the database of undergraduate transcripts, this paper finds that the phenomenon of “distortion” and “credit crisis” have emerged in undergraduate transcripts, which directly or indirectly reflect the management level and governance ability of universities. These problems directly or indirectly reflect the “misalignment” and “chaos” of university management and governance. This paper expects to reveal the problems of undergraduate teaching and learning in more depth and propose more targeted solutions through the study of undergraduate transcripts.
  • Undergraduate Education
    Beyond Traditional Transcripts: Digital Technology Reshapes the “Profile” of University Students’ Learning
    ZHAO Tingting; GUO Yuting
    2022, 38(05): 20-26. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.04
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    Traditional transcripts have the limitations of not being able to show the whole learning experiences and outcomes of students, failing to demonstrate student abilities well, having weak extension in time and space, not being able to generate and create learning, and not being able to truly reflect students’ individuality, etc. After the 1980s, digital technology has greatly advanced traditional transcripts reform, with electronic portfolios, digital badges, and comprehensive learner record being the three main practices. Based on the analysis of their backgrounds, processes, contents and impacts of the reform, and the analysis of each practice in terms of recording, expression and evaluation of university students’ learning. It can be seen that digital technology has reshaped the “profile” of university students’ learning, making it develop into a multi-dimensional “comprehensive profile” in space, time, content and form, and behind it is the change of teaching concept and teaching mode.
  • Undergraduate Education
    First Year Phenomenon: A Study of First Year Curriculum from the Perspective of Undergraduate Transcripts
    LU Caichen; WENG Dengchao
    2022, 38(05): 27-33. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.05
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    “First year phenomenon” refers to all kinds of problems arising from the students’ inadaptability of university life during the first year. In light of the “first year phenomenon”, higher education institutions around the world have taken a series of measures to facilitate students’ transition into university, such as pre-register programs, orientation week, first year seminars, etc. Based on 215 undergraduate transcripts from 165 universities, this paper analyzes the curriculum of first-year students in China from different levels, disciplines and courses dimensions. The result suggests that there are some problems such as low proportion of credits, incomplete content and monotonous forms of freshman education curriculum. Colleges and universities should clarify the importance of freshman education curriculum at the conceptual level, strengthen the integrity of freshman education curriculum at the systematic level, and enrich the diversity of freshman education curriculum at the practical level, in order to improve the first-year experience of students and lay a solid foundation for their further study.
  • Undergraduate Education
    The Senior Phenomena: A Study of Fourth Year Curriculum from the Perspective of Undergraduate Transcripts
    HUANG Juchen; WANG Yuxiang
    2022, 38(05): 34-40. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.06
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    The fourth year of university is an important stage in undergraduate education, its curriculum can not only reflect the teaching management level of universities to some extent, but also play a key role in the quality of undergraduate talent cultivation. Undergraduate transcripts are the concentrated reflection of the results of university curriculum. Analyzing and mining the situation of university curriculum and management through transcripts is not only a process worth exploring, but also a new perspective. This paper selects 176 undergraduate transcripts from 141 universities for data analysis. Based on the “number of courses and credits”, this paper focuses on two levels of “overall courses” and “key courses”, and explores from multiple dimensions such as different universities, different academic years and different disciplines. The study finds that the common problems in most universities include: reducing the number of courses in the fourth year; highly concentrated practical courses; some practical courses are inconsistent with the teaching objectives, and some practical courses are divorced from the needs of students and the market. The above problems should be paid enough attention and consideration, and effective measures should be taken to solve them.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Research on the Change of College Entrance Examination Admission and Bonus Policy since the Resumption of College Entrance Examination
    BIAN Xincan
    2022, 38(05): 41-47. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.07
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    In the 45 years since the resumption of the college entrance examination, the admission policy of college entrance examination enrollment has experienced changes from restriction to liberalization. The care policy of college entrance examination enrollment has evolved into the policy of adding points to the college entrance examination through “adding points to the file” and “reducing points to the file”. It has experienced a process from development to adjustment and standardization. There are many external and internal reasons for the change of college entrance examination admission and bonus policy, as well as the reform and improvement of the whole college entrance examination enrollment system. Whether it is the change of the admission and bonus policy of the college entrance examination, or the reform and improvement of the whole college entrance examination enrollment system, it is subject to four basic principles and basic laws. The education policy of all-round development is the soul of leading the change of college entrance examination enrollment policy and system evolution.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Review on the Establishment of College Entrance Examination and the Reform in the New Era after 70 Years
    ZHU Peipei; LIU Haifeng
    2022, 38(05): 48-53+108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.08
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    Economic construction, consolidation of new regime and adjustment of colleges and departments put forward urgent requirements for the profound reform of New China’s college enrollment system from the three dimensions of economy, politics and education. Separate enrollment examination through joint enrollment examination to unified enrollment examination, college enrollment efficiency has improved rapidly and the characteristics of fairness have suddenly become apparent. However, the three pairs of contradictions between enrollment efficiency and enrollment characteristics, national needs and personal wishes, and “socialist-minded” and “professionally proficient” of enrollment standards immediately triggered debates on the advantages and disadvantages of unified enrollment examination and separate enrollment examination. After the two-phase comparison of the reform practice in 1958, the irreplaceable nature of unified enrollment examination has been fully tested. The college entrance examination system, which upholds the ideas of giving consideration to efficiency and fairness, limited and diverse subject combination, comprehensive measurement of enrollment standards, unified and separate management mode, has obtained the legitimacy of survival in socialist new China. The fundamental change from separate enrollment examination to unified enrollment examination in the period of socialist revolution and construction has anchored the origin of China’s college entrance examination. The comprehensive reform of college entrance examination in the new era must still adhere to the system boundary of unified enrollment examination.
    • Labor Education
  • Labor Education
    The Diversity and Unity of Labor Education in Colleges and Universities: Text Analysis of 80 Labor Education Implementation Plans
    LIU Xiangbing; DANG Yin
    2022, 38(05): 54-59. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.09
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    Based on the official texts of labor education implementation plans of 80 colleges and universities, this paper analyzes the implementation of labor education in the new era at the college level. The study finds that the sample colleges and universities have initially established labor education implementation systems, and there are obvious differences in labor education courses, and they attach great importance to labor education practice activities. Some colleges and universities integrate labor education with professional education and increase labor in campus culture construction. The further promotion of labor education in colleges and universities should not only encourage diversified exploration and highlight individuality, but also adhere to unified requirements, grasp commonalities, at the same time handle the relationship between commonality and individuality, so as to form a diverse and unified college labor education pattern that can be learned, referenced, replicated and promoted.
  • Labor Education
    Learning-Stage Characteristics and Practical Requirements of University Labor Education
    BAN Jianwu
    2022, 38(05): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.10
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    To accurately grasp the characteristics of university labor education in different years and learning stages is an important precondition for effectively promoting university labor education. At present, one of the significant problems existing in university labor education lies in that its contents and forms are not very different from primary and secondary schools, and even simple repetition. This inevitably leads to the low efficiency of university labor education. This paper argues that the key points of labor education in university should reflect the development direction of advanced productive forces and enhance the technological content of labor education; it is necessary to comprehensively reveal the complexity of the labor world and strengthen the theoretical profound of labor education. Moreover, it should fully realize the organic integration of professional learning and enhance the authenticity of professional practice.
    • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
  • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
    A Study on the Development Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Low-Income Students in High-Level Universities
    HUA Yan
    2022, 38(05): 65-71. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.11
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    The development of low-income college students related to the fairness in the high-quality development of higher education. Using the development theories of college students and taking T University as a case, this study conducts a self-designed questionnaire to analyze the development characteristics and influencing factors of low-income students in high-level universities. The results show that although the overall development of the low-income students is significantly weaker than that of ordinary students, they keep catching up during their college years, and by graduation there is no longer any significant gap. The development of the low-income students is co-influenced by social structure, institutional influence and individual initiative, among which the influence of the institutions such as high-impact educational practices, teacher-student interaction and student-student interaction is crucial, that of individual initiative such as student investment is also important, and that of the social structure such as family socio-economic status is limited. To better promote the development of low-income students, this article proposes that the government continue to implement the special admission policies for poor areas，universities should adhere to value-oriented “fairness and quality” and improve the specific assistance measures.
  • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
    The Influence of High-Impact Educational Practices on Undergraduates’ Critical Thinking Ability: An Empirical Study Based on a “Double First-Class” Construction University
    MA Liping; FENG Qinxue
    2022, 38(05): 72-79. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.12
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    Based on the HEIghten critical thinking standardized measurement tool developed by ETS, this study carries out a follow-up survey of critical thinking ability for undergraduates in a Chinese top “Double First-Class” construction university, and explores the influence of various high-impact educational practices on critical thinking level. The results show that undergraduates’ average critical thinking ability in the Chinese top university is better than undergraduates in the United States. The better undergraduates’ family background, the stronger their critical thinking ability. Critical thinking ability of undergraduates in science and engineering or interdisciplinary majors is better. Undergraduates’ research training and writing intensive course can significantly improve undergraduates’ critical thinking ability. Different types of practice have heterogeneous effects on different types of students’ critical thinking ability. Encouraging and supporting undergraduates to improve their participation in the above activities is an important way to effectively improve their critical thinking ability.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Engineering Degree Postgraduate Training Governance Reform: A Multi-Case Comparative Study from the Standpoint of Policy Supply and Demand Synchronization
    WANG Jian; MENG Jiahui; YU Hang; LIU Bingfeng
    2022, 38(05): 80-87. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.13
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    The demand for scientific and technological talents has increased the importance and urgency of engineering degree graduate education in an era of big country competition, but coordination between the training system and social needs is still insufficient. How to realize supply and demand coordination is a “bottleneck” proposition that must be addressed as soon as possible. To begin, the hourglass model of supply-demand theory is built on the demand side’s positive triangle model of “teaching scientific research practice” and the supply side’s inverted triangle model of “labor, capital, and technology”. The paper then constructs an empirical model from the two levels of system design and system implementation using multi case comparison. Finally, match the theoretical model to the empirical model and explain the internal logic of policy supply and demand using the two-dimensional framework of “supply-demand” and “theory-practice”. According to the findings, the governance reform of engineering degree graduate training can achieve breakthroughs in five areas: management team, tutor team, training base, governance mechanism, and training scheme, as well as form a new pattern of industry education integration and improve the governance basis of digital governance of graduate education.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Effect of Organizational Support System on Postdoctoral Research Creativity in Universities
    MA Lichao; YAO Hao
    2022, 38(05): 88-94. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.14
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    Based on the empirical survey data of postdoctoral fellows in “Double First-Class” construction universities, OLS regression, Sharpley value decomposition and mediating effect model are used to explore the influence of organizational support system on postdoctoral research creativity. The results show that the supply of cooperative supervisor guidance and scientific research exchange platform are relatively rich, but the scientific research funding, the psychological relief mechanism, the strict requirements of outbound assessment and the difficulty of retention are shortage of organizational support factors. Organizational support can stimulate the creativity of postdoctoral research, among which achievement reward and mentor guidance have a significant positive impact on creative thinking, and mentor guidance and station requirement also have a positive impact on creative personality. Especially mentor guidance has the highest contribution to scientific research creative thinking and personality differences. Scientific research investment plays a partial mediating role in the process of organizational support affecting creative thinking and creative personality. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the research funding system and dynamically adjust the funding proportion of the project, to dredge the channels for post-doctoral retention and promotion and construct the career security mechanism, to build a system of academic guidance and promote the endogenous motivation of scientific research participation.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    Exploration, Challenges and Mechanism of Cross-Domain Governance of China-ASEAN Vocational Education
    ZHANG Juxia; REN Jiehua
    2022, 38(05): 95-101. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.15
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    The cross-domain governance of China-ASEAN vocational education plays an important role in promoting the construction of China-ASEAN community.?Based on the concept of “human community with a shared future”, China-ASEAN vocational education has formed a preliminary exploration in cross-domain governance by strengthening linkage, promoting enterprise participation and resource driven.However, the loose cross-domain governance structure, the lack of governance tools, the uneven distribution of high-quality education resources, the low degree of public participation in governance and the low governance efficiency restrict the overall level of cross-domain governance of China-ASEAN vocational education.The cross-domain governance ability and level of China-ASEAN vocational education will be continuously improved through perfecting the identification mechanism, subject coordination mechanism and benefit coordination mechanism, and strengthening the integration mechanism of industry and education and information mechanism, and enhancing the cross-disciplinary governance capacity and level of China-ASEAN vocational education, so as to promote the coordinated development of regional vocational education.
  • Vocational Education
    Logic and Path of Major Evaluation Design for Vocational Undergraduate
    SHI Xingjun; YU Chuang
    2022, 38(05): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.05.16
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    The development of vocational undergraduate is fully necessary in terms of both theoretical and practical requirements, as a crucial part of the upgrading of vocational education in China in the new era. Conducting a major evaluation of vocational undergraduate, microscopically, is conducive to guiding colleges to clarify the proper orientation, promoting the major diagnosing and connotation construction, and raising the quality of talent cultivation; macroscopically, it can provide a factual reference for the formulation and optimization of the policies for the education authorities, optimize the structure of skilled personnel and enhance the recognition from the society and industry. Based on OBE, TQM and CMM, an evaluation index system is constructed. Then dynamically calculate weights and design diversified evaluation methods through the QQM comprehensive method. In addition to following the evaluation system’s scientificity of the design and feasibility of the implementation, the balanced adjustment based on the demands of different evaluators and application scenarios should be paid close attention as well; We should also strengthen the application of evaluation results, cultivate the quality culture with vocational undergraduate characteristics, and promote the ecological, high-quality and sustainable development of vocational undergraduate.