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  • Feature
    In-depth Integration of Scientific Spirit into Teacher Cultivation
    GUAN Peijun
    2022, 38(09): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.01
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    Science education is the proper meaning of education. Teenagers are an important period to cultivate scientific interest, experience scientific process and develop scientific spirit. To cultivate young people’s scientific literacy, we should first improve teachers’ scientific literacy and bring scientific spirit into the teacher training process. This is the requirement of implementing the fundamental task of Building Morality and Cultivating People. It is of great significance to fundamentally improve the overall quality of teachers, improve and enhance the quality level of science education, effectively integrate and strengthen the teaching force of science education and cultivate scientific and technological innovation talents. To implement the project of improving teachers’ scientific quality, we should give full play to the role of the mother machine of normal education, speed up the promotion of first-class comprehensive universities to hold normal education and set up “science education” majors, strengthen the construction of science teachers, comprehensively improve the professional level of science teachers, implement the plan of improving teachers’ scientific quality, encourage first-class scientists and first-line scientific research teams to participate in the research and practice of science education, innovate the training of science education teachers through the integration of science and education, improve the ability of teachers to implement science education by using off campus science and technology resources, and strengthen the scientific popularization teachers in rural schools and rural communities, as well as strengthen the baton of “bringing the scientific spirit into the teacher training process”.
    • Education Evaluation Reform
  • Education Evaluation Reform
    Promoting “Trinity” Education Evaluation Reform Building World-Class University
    ZHANG Zongyi
    2022, 38(09): 7-10. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.02
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    As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, higher education in China has entered a new stage of high-quality development, and the construction of first-class universities has entered a new period. Education evaluation reform is the top priority for leading the construction of a first-class university in the new era. Xiamen University fully implements the “Overall Plan for Deepening Education Evaluation Reform in the New Era”, insisting on “talent” as the key, “college” as the main body, and “innovation” as the target, promotes the “Trinity” education evaluation reform, and advances with the times to build a world-class university.
  • Education Evaluation Reform
    Breaking the “Four Substitutions” of Academic Evaluation in Universities and Colleges
    LI Shengbing
    2022, 38(09): 11-13,17. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.03
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    “Four Substitutions” is the main appearance and problem of academic evaluation in Chinese universities, which seriously affects the ecology and ethos of academic research in China, hinders the progress of science and technology in China and the cultivation of talents in universities. ?This paper discusses the problems of simplification and fragmentation in academic evaluation of colleges and universities in China, which are embodied in “citation substitution”, “publication substitution”, “quantity substitution” and “scientific research substitution”. The dispute between quantification and qualification of academic evaluation in Chinese and foreign universities is discussed, summarizing the international proposition of focusing on quality and complementing quantification. In the end the ideas and methods are proposed to break the “Four Substitutions”.
    • Higher Quality Development of Higher Education
  • Higher Quality Development of Higher Education
    The Connotation and Path of Empowering High-Quality Talents with Modern Information Technology
    ZHANG Daliang
    2022, 38(09): 14-17. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.04
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    Education informatization provides new opportunities with broad prospects and strong lasting new driving force for the high-quality development of higher education. Deeply understanding the Era Connotation of informatization enabled high-quality talent training, accurately grasp the new trend of informatization construction in optimizing discipline and specialty layout, reshaping education and teaching form, creating collaborative education mechanism, helping economic and social development under the background of popularization of higher education and high-quality development, it can promote the reform of education and teaching, promote the sharing of high-quality resources to explore a new path for high-level information technology to support the cultivation of high-quality talents in three aspects of building a new ecology of intelligent education.
  • Higher Quality Development of Higher Education
    Higher Education: Quality, Quality Assurance and Quality Culture
    WU Daguang
    2022, 38(09): 18-24. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.05
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    Quality in the field of higher education is a concept reflecting value judgment and a “technology” with relatively objective standards in specific time and space conditions. The ultimate goal of pursuing quality assurance and standards is to realize a quality culture with “ecological” nature, which is a unique culture that is indispensable for higher education systems and institutions. This paper compares the sources and concepts of higher education quality from the perspectives of history and development stage, explains the relationship between the formation of quality concept and crisis consciousness, and reflects on the technologies and standards of higher education quality assurance. On this basis, a basic interpretation of quality culture in higher education is made and the basic ideas for establishing quality culture in higher education are proposed.
  • Higher Quality Development of Higher Education
    The Systematic Construction of High Quality Higher Education System
    XUAN Yong; WENG Mosi
    2022, 38(09): 25-31. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.06
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    Based on the realistic requirements of high-quality development of higher education and concept comparison of high-quality, high-level and convolution development, the paper puts forward that the high quality focuses on the value and ability of higher education system to meet the actual needs. Based on the integrated framework featured “value emergence”, this paper try to construct the higher education system from the aspects of function, structure and elements. Looking into the contrast between “prosperity of explicit development index” and “poor inherent ability” in current higher education, the paper puts forward that high-quality higher education system should adhere to moral cultivation, promote knowledge development and social progress, and realize the emergence of functions from “adaptation” to “support” and then to “leading”, commit to the formation and development of strategic scientific and technological forces. Following the logic that higher education system is an organic whole, the paper holds that the layout structure should transit from structural imbalance to balanced focus, and the type structure should develop from homogeneity to diversity. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the regulation based on tool rationality should be promoted to the governance based on value rationality, and the specialization of president management should be taken as the key to activate the internal and external governance system of universities. This paper also discusses the reconstruction of grassroots academic organization and activation of academic heartland, to activate the factors of high quality higher education system.
  • Higher Quality Development of Higher Education
    The Quality Culture of Universities in the New Era
    HAN Yanming
    2022, 38(09): 32-37. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.07
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    As a new strategy, concept and direction, the construction of university quality culture is the complementary integration of flexible value constraints and rigid institutional guarantee of the new era universities’ talent training, scientific research innovation, social service, cultural inheritance and international cooperation and exchange. It is the essence, theoretical necessity and practical inevitability of universities’ high-quality development to build a quality culture full of vitality, development potential and spiritual power in the new era. The universities’ high-quality development must focus on the construction of quality culture, and the teaching culture is the core and target of the quality culture. The construction of university quality culture in the new era must take “human” as the core to manifest its humanization, personality, and contribute to the high-quality cultivation, development and shaping of university students comprehensively and fully.
    • Education and Cultivation of Outstanding Engineers
  • Education and Cultivation of Outstanding Engineers
    Key Competencies for Outstanding Engineers in the New Era: An Exploratory Grounded Theory Study
    ZHENG Lina; JIANG Zijiao; LEI Qing
    2022, 38(09): 38-45. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.08
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    Cognizing what defines an outstanding engineer in the new era from the perspective of key competencies is the starting point of educational activities. Combining recent studies on key competencies and first-hand data collected via symposiums and field research, this study adopted the grounded theory approach to investigate outstanding engineers’ key competencies in the new era. Results show that benchmarking competencies, domain-specific competencies, generic competencies, as well as outstanding competencies constitute key competencies of outstanding engineers, which can further be divided into 14 sub-competencies. Also, this study found that “outstanding” is represented by continuous and dynamic development of key competencies to take responsibilities for national density, rather than static requirements of learning outcomes. Therefore, competency-based and modularized curriculum design, university‐industry cooperation combined with the bachelor-master integrating reforms, as well as well-structured ethics education might contribute to accelerating the form of world-class engineer education paradigm with Chinese characteristics.
  • Education and Cultivation of Outstanding Engineers
    The Factors Contributing to the Phenomenon of “Incomplete Practice” in the Cultivation Mechanism of Excellent Engineers: Grounded Theory Analysis Based on Participant Perspective
    WANG Chao; LI Bingbing; JIN Yuanyuan
    2022, 38(09): 46-52. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.09
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    The phenomenon of “incomplete practice” in the cultivation mechanism of excellent engineers is an important issue that needs to be addressed in Engineering education at present. This study conducted in-depth interviews with students, teachers and enterprise managers in the excellent engineer class by using the grounded theory. It is believed that “subject - content - condition - strategy” is the main dimension of “incomplete practice”. From the subject dimension, the deviation of participants’ goals and attitudes is the starting factor; From the content dimension, the traditional mode of teaching system design, the practice arrangement is not comprehensive, and the enterprise needs are not connected; From the condition dimension, the insufficient support from schools and the limited conditions of enterprises are the process factors of this phenomenon; From the strategic dimension, the simple form of assessment, the inadequate incentive mechanism and the single mode of practice are the negative factors. These four dimensions not only reflect the actual behavior of the participants in engineering practice, but also provide some reference value for cultivating and motivating students to actively participate in engineering practice in the future.
    • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
  • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
    Concept, Connotation and Evaluation Standards of Information Literacy: A Case Study on University Students in Shanghai
    QIAN Dongming; ZHOU Yumeng; LIAO Baige; CHEN Zhiyun
    2022, 38(09): 53-59. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.10
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    Information literacy is a significant ability in digital society. Information literacy of university students is directly related to the future talent development of the country. In view of the lack of accurate and normative research on China’s university students’ information literacy due to the complex situation, firstly this study analyzes and summarizes the concept, connotation and evaluation standards of information literacy based on the research at home and abroad. This paper then explores the new requirements of university students’information literacy and the general basis and method of constructing the evaluation standards. On this basis, taking Shanghai as an example, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of university students’ information literacy evaluation standard with regional characteristics. The research results hope to provide reference for the research and practice of university students’ information literacy.
  • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
    Using Emotion to Promote Learning: The Effect of Social and Emotional Skills on Undergraduates’Engagement in Research Universities
    QU Liaojian; JING Chaonan; ZHU Zhoulin
    2022, 38(09): 60-66. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.11
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    Student engagement is a key concept in the field of undergraduate development, and examining the impact of social emotional skills on it can provide an important basis for improving the quality of higher education. By analyzing the survey data of undergraduates’ study experience in four research universities, it’s found that openness to experience, conscientiousness, grit and other social emotional skills have a significant positive impact on students’ engagement, and the effect of grit is particularly prominent. The impact of social emotional skills on students’ engagement has significant differences in different genders, majors, and hometown. Besides, in the field with higher environmental support, social emotional skills such as openness to experiences and grit have a stronger impact on students’ engagement. Therefore, research universities should pay attention to the development of undergraduates’ key social emotional skills from the perspective of training objectives, curriculum development, community activities and teacher-student communication, and ensure that undergraduates’ social emotional skills will play a greater role in the learning field with high-quality courses, multi-dimensional interaction and abundant resources.
    • Comparative Education
  • Comparative Education
    Analysis and Reflection on the Research Excellence Framework 2021 in the UK
    ZHOU Haitao; LIU Xu
    2022, 38(09): 67-74. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.12
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    In May 2022, the UK released the results of the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021. It was launched in January 2019 and lasted three years.?Based on the experience of the REF 2014 and new characteristics of scientific research development in recent years, REF 2021 attaches more importance to the social impact of scientific research achievements and cross-disciplinary evaluation. It carries out systematic reforms in the calculation of personnel and achievement, expert selection and recruitment, and overall planning of the consistency of discipline evaluation standards.?The new round of REF might provide some references for the reform of research evaluation in China in expanding the scope of evaluation objects, changing the orientation of results, optimizing the structure of experts and exploring the way of disciplinary collaboration.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Innovation of Macro Theories on Higher Education from the Perspective of Constructing Independent Knowledge System
    LIU Guorui
    2022, 38(09): 75-82. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.13
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    Macro theories on higher education have strong local, political and developmental characteristics, and have a unique position and role in the construction of an independent knowledge system of higher education theories. Since the reform and opening, the development of macro theories of higher education in China has gone through the process of creation, reconstruction and development, and has achieved historic accomplishments and accumulated important experience, but it also has obvious deficiencies. With the goal of constructing an independent knowledge system and furtherly promoting the innovation of macro theories on higher education, we should correctly handle three major relationships, furtherly deepen the study of the Party's century-old education history and the Sinicization of Marxism theory on education, strengthen the coordinated endeavor in solving major theoretical and practical issues, and optimize the system and mechanism of macro theory research.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Situation of Higher Education Development in VUCA Era and Its Countermeasures
    ZHANG Nanxing; WANG Xinfeng
    2022, 38(09): 83-87. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.14
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    The dilemma of the VUCA era not only brings a sense of embodiment to higher education for passive response, but also requires higher education to actively make strategies for change. At present, there are security risks in both traditional and non-traditional fields, the trend of anti globalization is rising, global economic development and recovery are weak, the fourth industrial revolution is sweeping the world, digital transformation is also promoting the reform of governance system, and so on. Such a dilemma of the times requires higher education to make a positive response, and it is also reshaping the form of higher education. Facing the future, the action choice of China’s higher education institutions should be to realize high-quality development, coordinated development, digital transformation and modernization of governance ability of higher education through innovative connotation construction, structural optimization, digital element renewal and multiple collaborative governance, and to look for breakthrough strategies and development opportunities in external changes.
  • Research and Exploration
    Present Situation, Problems and Solutions of the Industry and Education Integration Reform in China: Based on an Analysis of 103 Typical Cases
    BAI Yixian; WANG Hua; WANG Jun
    2022, 38(09): 88-94. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.15
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    In order to have a thorough understanding of the current situation of industry-education integration reform in China and promote it, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of 103 typical cases selected in the “Double Hundred Plan for University-Enterprise Cooperation” of China Higher Education Expo 2020. The research found that the outstanding problems existing in the current industry-education integration reform are as follows: In terms of project objectives, talent cultivation is the main objective. In terms of implementation, the enthusiasm of universities to participate in the integration is much higher than that of enterprises, and the cooperation types of the industry-education integration are diversified. The breadth and depth of cooperation are important factors for the sustainable development of industry-education integration.Quality evaluation is the fundamental guarantee for continuous improvement of production-education integration. In order to solve the problem of part of the projects deviate from the fundamental goal of education, the breadth and depth of cooperation is not enough and the lack of quality monitoring and evaluation mechanism, the target should be set as a guide to establish a long-term effective industry-education integration mechanism, collaborative innovation should be made as a basis to build an industry-education integration ecological system, and multiple dimensions should be regarded as a principle to establish evaluation system.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Compilation, Selection and Quality Assurance of American Postgraduate Textbooks
    ZHOU Wenhui; LIANG Xiaolu
    2022, 38(09): 95-101. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.16
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    Postgraduate textbooks are the fundamental basis for teachers to teach and students to learn in the process of postgraduate course teaching, and their quality determines the quality of postgraduate teaching, which in turn affects the quality of postgraduate training. Senior teachers in colleges and universities are the main body of textbook compilation and selection for postgraduates in the United States. Textbook publishers, college teaching and learning centers and project plans assist first-time college teachers in the compilation and selection of textbooks. In the process of compiling and selecting postgraduate textbooks, four factors, including teacher appointment, curriculum development, teaching evaluation and institutional regulations, ensure the academic quality of American postgraduate textbooks. Based on this, combined with the current practice of postgraduate textbook construction in China, a system for the compilation, management and use of postgraduate textbooks for colleges and universities that reflect the characteristics of higher education in China should be established and improved; Colleges and universities coordinate the construction of postgraduate textbooks and ensure that postgraduate textbooks are politically and academically related; improve teachers’ teaching quality and give full play to teachers’ autonomy in selecting postgraduate textbooks; implement the work of incorporating teachers’ participation in postgraduate textbook construction into the teacher assessment and evaluation system; pay attention to the guiding role of institutional norms and strictly control the quality of postgraduate textbooks.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Empirical Research on Publication Output of American Doctoral Students During Their Studies: Taking 19 Economics Schools of American Research Universities as Examples
    GAO Wenjuan; XU Ying
    2022, 38(09): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.09.17
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    It is of great significance to reform publishing requirements during doctoral candidature to cultivate high-level top-notch innovative talents and promote the double first-class university plan. Training doctoral students in research universities in the United States has important implications for the quality assurance of postgraduate training in China. The study found that the economics schools of American research universities do not regard the publication of academic papers as a mandatory requirement for doctoral degrees. Approximately a quarter of the Ph.D. candidates in economics in the sample published academic research during their doctorate in SCI/SSCI journals, particularly in their senior year. The publication of high-quality papers can improve the possibility of doctoral graduates entering universities or scientific research institutions, while the number of publications has no significant impact on their entry into faculty positions. Thus, colleges and universities should focus on the “process” over “results” in the training of doctoral students’ scientific research ability, doctoral students should focus on the “quality” over “quantity” of research output, and the academic labor market should focus on the “ability” over “form” in the evaluation of research skills.