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  • Feature
    Innovation Connotation of Innovating Engineering Education and Idea Evolution of Engineering Education in USA
    ZHANG Wei
    2022, 38(01): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.01
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    The concept of innovation presents spiral ascent and regression, with wide range of applications. There has been some significant performance for innovating engineering education. It should identify its connotation and requirement, and prominence its characteristics of innovative process, as well as realize the goals by innovation-driven of engineering education. Reviewing the transforming development of engineering education in USA, the idea, requirement, and standard changed continuously, to overcome one-sidedness and absolutization, by hierarchical positioning and pluralistic under the requirement of overall objectives. For innovating engineering education, it should explicit and focus the object of discussion, and identify the trends of complexity and diversity, based on the extension of attributes of contemporary engineers. The innovation should be integrated into the whole process of teaching, research, and social service, with innovating on the basis of what has worked in the past, optimizing model choice, and continuously improving, so as to speed up educating engineering talents in short supply.
  • Feature
    Random Thinking on Engineering Discipline, Engineering Education and Their Reform
    BIE Dunrong
    2022, 38(01): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.02
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    There is a close relationship between engineering disciplines and national economic and social development, the professional technical and engineering talents required by national economic and social development are cultivated by engineering education. engineering discipline is the category of knowledge, and engineering is the existence of the material world, which is the source of the existence and development of engineering disciplines. Engineering discipline, science and technology are belonged to different categories of knowledge with the characteristic of cross integration. Engineering discipline and liberal arts belong to different kinds of knowledge with internal relevance. Engineering discipline education and engineering education are integrated and inseparable. Engineering discipline education must be accompanied by technical education. Engineering discipline education and liberal arts education have different educational logic. Strengthening the integration of education of engineering disciplines and liberal arts is an important way to cultivate new engineering and new liberal arts talents. Colleges and universities must follow the basic principle of integrating theory with practice, in order to realize the integration of engineering discipline education and engineering education, and construct an engineering education system with its own characteristics and advantages. To cultivate excellent engineers, institutions of higher education, enterprises and the government need to establish a stable and high-quality cooperative education system and mechanism to ensure the requirements of engineering discipline education for engineering practice teaching. The foothold of the construction of “new engineering discipline” lies in talent training. Although it is strongly launched by the government, colleges and universities should play a key role in the movement.
    • High-Quality Development of Higher Education
  • High-Quality Development of Higher Education
    Discussion on the Construction of Provincial High-Quality Higher Education System
    HU Jianhua
    2022, 38(01): 16-20. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.03
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    Provincial high-quality higher education system is an important basis for the construction of national high-quality higher education system. The formation of provincial development pattern of higher education provides necessary conditions for the construction of provincial high-quality higher education system. The implementation and strengthening of provincial overall planning of higher education has built a favorable institutional guarantee for the construction of provincial high-quality higher education system. Due to the influence of history, geographical location, economy, culture and other factors, there are relatively large differences in the development scale, capital investment and development level of provincial higher education in China. These differences are the main challenges faced by the construction of provincial high-quality higher education system. In the construction of provincial high-quality higher education system, differentiation, diversification and openness should be more suitable countermeasures.
  • High-Quality Development of Higher Education
    Theoretical Logic and Realistic Thinking of High-Quality Development of Higher Education under the New Pattern of “Dual Circulation”
    FANG Fang; ZHONG Binglin
    2022, 38(01): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.04
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    Building a “dual circulation” new development pattern is a major strategic deployment of the CPC Central Committee to promote economic and social development in China to a higher level under the background of significant changes in the domestic and international environment. Therefore, many aspects such as the system and environment on which higher education of China depends are changing and adjusting. Starting from the theory of economic development stage and supply-side structural reform, the authors explains the theoretical logic of the high-quality development of higher education in China under the new pattern of “dual circulation”. In addition, based on the above research, the authors put forward practical thinking: How does “domestic circulation as the main body” enable efficiency and fairness in the high-quality development of higher education? How does “International and domestic dual circulation” balance the openness and persistence in the high-quality development of higher education? How does higher education realize high-quality development under the background of new pattern of “dual circulation”?
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Reflection on the Reform of Doctoral Training Mode in the Period of Universalization of Higher Education
    SUI Yifan; LI Fangying
    2022, 38(01): 28-35. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.05
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    High-quality doctoral training is an important task of development in the period of universalization of higher education. The intersection of the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the universalization of higher education pushes higher education into a high-quality development period in China, giving important strategic significance to the improvement of the doctoral training quality. Based on the rational cognition of the period of universalization of higher education, there are some problems in doctoral training, such as vague and low-standard training objectives, lacking of requirements for knowledge innovation and problem-solving ability, the inflexibility of doctoral admission, and such as the conservative knowledge structure, unreasonable curriculum, rigid training system, lacking of high-level tutors, insufficient attention to doctoral students in the training process. Drawing on the doctoral training experience of the world’s top universities, the reform of doctoral training mode in China should focus on setting up high-quality training objectives, optimizing the enrollment system, constructing a scientific and reasonable training process, and strengthening the construction of the team of high-quality tutors.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Research on the Promotion Effect of Interdisciplinary Training on Doctoral Candidates’ Innovation Ability: A Perspective Based on Threshold Breakthrough
    YANG Yumeng; BAI Lixin
    2022, 38(01): 36-41. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.06
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    Interdisciplinary training of doctoral candidates in colleges and universities is an important path to cultivate interdisciplinary top-notch innovative talents. Based on the fourth national doctoral training survey from 2016 to 2017, this paper analyzes the promotion effect of interdisciplinary training on doctoral candidates’ innovation ability. The results show that the doctoral candidates who have participated in interdisciplinary training are significantly higher than those who have only participated in single discipline training in divergent thinking, relevance ability and paper application, and there is no significant difference in other aspects. The quality and quantity of interdisciplinary training methods play a promoting effect on the cultivation of doctoral candidates’ innovative ability. They have synergistic effect and threshold effect. We should reasonably allocate interdisciplinary education resources and adjust interdisciplinary talent training ideas in combination with the specific conditions of doctoral candidates in different universities and platforms. In addition, we should also grasp the degree of coupling and coordination between quality and quantity, build a comprehensive dynamic quality evaluation mechanism, and promote the transformation and upgrading of interdisciplinary training structure.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Research on the Difference of Financial Resource Allocation of Higher Education in the “Post 4% Era”: Decomposition Method of Regression Equation Based on Shapley Value
    XU Xiaomin; WANG Jin
    2022, 38(01): 42-48. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.07
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    The allocation of financial resources has always been a central issue in higher education finance. Based on the 2012—2018 provincial panel data of “post 4% era”, the article empirically tests the government’s efforts to invest in higher education, the degree of fiscal decentralization, the level of economic development, the industrial structure and the scale of higher education have a significant impact on the allocation of higher education financial resources. Using Shapley value decomposition, it is found that the degree of fiscal decentralization is the main reason of the difference, and the explanatory power is still increasing. Then are the industrial structure, the government’s efforts to invest in higher education and the scale of higher education. The contribution of industrial structure to the difference is weakened, economic development level contributes the least, but the explanatory power is the most stable. The ranking order of each factors have changed little, and all of them enlarge the differences in the allocation of financial resources.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Choice Preference and Improvement Strategy of Policy Tools for the Internationalization of Higher Education in China: An Analysis Framework Based on Schneider and Ingram
    ZHANG Jingke; QI Zhanyong
    2022, 38(01): 49-55. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.08
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    The research on the preference of higher education internationalization policy choice will help to improve the higher education internationalization policy system and promote the policy practice. According to the policy tool analysis framework of Schneider and Ingram, this paper measures and analyzes the content of 65 policy tools for the internationalization of higher education since the reform and opening up. It is found that there are some problems in the choice of policy tools for the internationalization of higher education, such as the excessive use of authoritative tools, the unbalanced use of incentive tools, the one-sided use of capacity-building tools, and the low frequency use of learning tools. Therefore, the turn of higher education internationalization policy tools in the new era should start from the following aspects: to enhance the execution effect of authoritative tools guided by balance and coordination, to improve the index framework of performance evaluation tools based on rationality and effectiveness, to deepen the selection and application of capacity building tools by means of supply-demand appropriateness, and make full use of the multiple functions of learning tools in flexible situations, so as to optimize the choice of policy tools for internationalization of higher education.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Studies of Restrictive Subject Choice Patterns of Science and Engineering Majors in Universities in the Context of New College Entrance Examination Reform
    BU Shangcong; MA Liping; YE Xiaoyang
    2022, 38(01): 56-62. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.09
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    Using the admissions data of science and engineering majors in 109 “Double First-Class” universities from 2014 to 2020 in Zhejiang province, we applied fixed effect model to study restrictive subject choice patterns, finding that polytechnic, selective universities, majors with higher evaluation ranking, engineering and popular majors are more likely to restrict physics, solely or jointly with other subjects. Restricting physics together with other subjects leads to a substantial decrease in admission rankings, while other patterns of restrictive subject choice in physics (solely, selectively in two or three subjects) do not have statistically significant impacts. Majors that are not required to restrict physics and popular majors experience larger decreases when restricting physics. Restricting physics of science and engineering majors in universities can effectively guide students to select physics as examination subject, which is the basic mechanism to influence admission rankings. Suggestions are to strengthen the policy guidance of universities to explore suitable restrictive subject choice patterns based on the need of discipline construction and objective of talents cultivation.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Be Given Diversity: The Dilemma and Outlet of “Vocational Education and College Entrance Examination” System in China
    LING Lei
    2022, 38(01): 63-68. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.10
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    The “National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan” calls for the establishment of a “vocational education college entrance examination” system and perfecting “cultural quality + vocational skills”, which is intended to break the “tail-end” of vocational enrollment in the past. From the perspective of policy layout and requirements, key links such as higher vocational recruitment examination mode, student source composition, examination methods, and stakeholders have shown the characteristics of diversity, diversification, and multiple levels. Related policies and measures have given China a diversified development path for the “vocational college entrance examination”, and at the same time have brought challenges to the “vocational college entrance examination” in the context of the new college entrance examination reform. Using the method of theoretical analysis and in-depth description of interviews, strategies and methods to solve the system dilemma of the “vocational college entrance examination” are put forward, and put the value of diversity in the “vocational college entrance examination” into practice.
    • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
  • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
    Re-Test on the Value-Added of Critical Thinking Ability of Undergraduates in China: A Discussion on the Practical Dilemma of Value-Added Evaluation in Higher Education
    ZHANG Qinggen; SHEN Hong
    2022, 38(01): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.11
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    Exploring value-added evaluation is not only an important direction to deepen the reform of educational evaluation in the new era, but also a possible way to promote the high-quality development of higher education. Based on the data from “2016-2019 National Assessment of Collegiate Capacity (NACC)”, this research measures the level of value-added of critical thinking ability of Chinese undergraduates during three years of higher education experiences, and quantitatively evaluates the impact of higher education on the value-added of critical thinking ability of undergraduates. It finds that, there exist significantly disciplines, institutional groups, single institution differences and obvious diminishing marginal effect among the value-added of critical thinking ability of Chinese undergraduates. All these results are similar with the previous research findings based on the cross-sectional data by our team. Meanwhile, this research analyses the practical dilemma of higher education value-added evaluation in China from the dimensions of appropriate theoretical basis, the construction of index system, test tools development, data analysis technology and results application.
  • The Learning and Development of Undergraduates
    How to Make Students Ambitious: An Empirical Study on the Influence of College Educational Supports on Undergraduates’ Sense of Life Purpose
    XIE Xin; ZHANG Hongxia
    2022, 38(01): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.12
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    Improving undergraduates’ Sense of life Purpose (SP) should be the essence of moral education in Chinese universities. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire survey data and interview materials, it found that universities were the important field for the development of undergraduates’ SP. Some ways of universities had significantly positive effect on undergraduates’ SP, such as peers’ support, career planning education, professional courses, extracurricular lectures, social practical activities and connection between knowledge and social development in teaching. Meanwhile, it also found that the ideological and political education needed to be mediated by effective teachers’ guidance to play a significant effect, the exemplary role and consistent with words and deeds of teachers could enhance its effectiveness. In addition, the positive effect of teachers’ guidance was much weaker than that of peers’ support, which was possibly due to teachers’ improper moral educational methods of indoctrination and utilitarianism and lack of close relationship and deep communication with students. Moral education mode based on knowledge and good example should be the key way to improve SP education in universities, and the academic ability of teacher could enhance their moral education effectiveness.
    • Regional Higher Education Research
  • Regional Higher Education Research
    The Cluster Effect of Higher Education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area: Based on Empirical Evidence of Spatial Econometric Analysis and Panel Stochastic Frontier Model
    MA Junfeng; HU Yangguang
    2022, 38(01): 83-89. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.13
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    Based on the fact that cluster effects of universities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area (GHMGBA) has become a new growth polarity of higher education in China, we collected a panel data from 2015 to 2020 to verify this effect through spatial econometric analysis and to estimate its impact on the academic dynamic and scientific research innovation through Stochastic Frontier Approach model. The study found that the GHMGBA already has a significant cluster effect, which has diffusion effect and positive improvement through the spatial aggregation of academic dynamic and scientific research innovation, and has spatial heterogeneity in local areas presenting a gradient pattern of “alliance between the tops”, “supporting among the middles” and “isolation within the bottoms” respectively. In the future, the development of higher education clusters in the Great Bay Area should strengthen the high-quality spatial distribution.
    • Educational Rule of Law
  • Educational Rule of Law
    Amendment to the Charter: The New Normal of the Construction of University Charter with Chinese Characteristics
    ZHAO Xuan
    2022, 38(01): 90-95. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.14
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    The construction of university charter with Chinese characteristics should be constantly improved in the process of revision, which is not only the subjective need to effectively promote the implementation of the charter, but also the objective requirement to actively adapt to the external institutional environment. 11 first-class construction universities, including Peking University, have revised their charters for the first time, and have achieved remarkable results in the range, content, basis and quality of the amendments. The Chinese characteristics of the charters have been strengthened. However, there are still some problems, such as content repetition, illegal modification, expression anomie, obvious mistakes, and the display of university style is still insufficient. As the new normal of the construction of university charter with Chinese characteristics, the amendment should attach equal importance to Chinese characteristics and university style, grasp the essence of Chinese characteristics and university style, transform them into charter rules, improve the procedures both of internal revision and external approval, and substantially improve the quality and authority of charter.
    • Higher Vocational Education
  • Higher Vocational Education
    Discussion on the Construction of “Education+” Pattern: Exploring the Mapping of the Isomorphism Theory of Neo-Institutionalism from “Vocational Education+” in Germany
    JIANG Dayuan
    2022, 38(01): 96-101. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.15
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    Facing the challenges caused by new technologies such as digitization, intelligence, and big data, when the number of people receiving higher education is increasing and there is a serious shortage of skilled talents. It is necessary to ensure that the country’s competitiveness will not be impaired by the lack of skilled talents at the real economy. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to expand the training channels and career development space for skilled talents. Germany has launched “vocational education+”, which consists of three major measures, i.e. additional qualification learning, vocational advanced education and dual higher education. On the view of active response of the vocational education and general education, the policy highlights the isomorphism of vocational education and general education in system construction. Concurrently, it can be interpreted by the neo-institutionalism organization theory. Combining the discourse of separation to the construction of the same form in the construction of system in China, the concept and pattern of “education+” are proposed to promote the common development of general education and vocational education.
  • Higher Vocational Education
    Research on Influencing Factors, Realistic Dilemmas and Strategies of the Construction for Professional Teacher Teams in Higher Vocational Colleges
    SHAO Jiandong; XU Zhenzhen; SUN Fengmin
    2022, 38(01): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.01.16
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    Strengthening the construction of professional teacher teams?is an important starting point for the high-quality development of higher vocational colleges.?Through qualitative analysis, it is found that the construction of professional teacher teams in higher vocational colleges is affected by internal and external factors such as regional industry, government policies, college management, and majors?foundation. It also presents some problems, such as?deviations in target positioning, structural optimization, insufficient overall synergy, lack of internal governance and poor construction environment.?Focusing on high-level and structured team building goals, the following measures should be taken, such as strengthening government guidance, increasing policy supply, deepening the integration of production and education, building high-end development platform, refining the department management, improving team building system, optimizing operation mechanism and enhancing the overall development level, which are?the direction and key of teacher team reform and development.