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    The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
  • The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
    A Centenary History of Higher Education Led by the CPC: Evolution, Experience and Trend
    WANG Dinghua; WANG Mingyang
    2021, 37(06): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.01
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    Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), higher education in China has gone through a centenary history of pioneering, tortuous exploration and glorious development, experienced a historic evolution from small to large, weak to strong, scale expansion to quality improvement, and made remarkable achievements. Looking back on the development of higher education led by the CPC, this paper reviews its evolution from the perspectives of historical backgrounds, educational guidelines, and the practice of running colleges and universities, summarizes experiences by studying the characteristics of the party’s leadership in developing higher education, and further explores how to develop socialist higher education with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the CPC.
  • The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
    Maximize the Enrollment Opportunities of the People: The Basic Principles of College Enrollment Policy under the Leadership of the Communist Party of China
    WANG Xinfeng
    2021, 37(06): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.02
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    It is the basic experience of the Communist Party of China in leading the education career that taking the people as the center and maximizing the enrollment opportunities of the people, which provides a basic value orientation for college enrollment policy. In the period of the new-democratic revolution, the goal of the political program and educational practice of the Communist Party of China is to strive for the right of women, workers and peasants to receive education. In the period of the socialist revolution and construction after the founding of new China, the Communist Party of China favored workers and peasants through the popularization of basic education and the enrollment policy of colleges and universities, giving priority to their children. In the new period of reforming and opening-up and socialist modernization construction, the Communist Party of China has gradually established the ruling concept of running education to the satisfaction of the people, gradually eliminated restrictions on family composition, age and gender, expanded the scale of higher education, and expanded enrollment opportunities for social members. Since 2012, especially in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Communist Party and government have been committed to people-centered development education, promote the fair enrollment opportunities of different regions, the urban and the rural , and ensure the people to share the fruits of social development under the social ideal of common prosperity.
    • High Quality Development of Higher Education
  • High Quality Development of Higher Education
    What is the High-Quality Development of Higher Education
    WANG Jianhua
    2021, 37(06): 15-22. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.03
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    high-quality development is not only the objective requirement for higher education to adapt to the high-quality development of economy and society, but also the natural trend of its own development stage. High-quality development is not only related to the nature of higher education development, but also related to the results of development. Whether the development of higher education is of high quality depends not only on the understanding of “high quality”, but also on the cognition of “development”. Based on Amartya Sen’s concept of “free” development, the core connotation of high quality development of higher education should be the expansion of human’s substantive freedom. To treat the high-quality development of higher education with freedom and emphasize the importance of higher education to human development. Based on human development, the evaluation of high-quality development needs a more comprehensive perspective to go beyond the pattern of quantitative evaluation.
  • High Quality Development of Higher Education
    Optimizing the Structure of Higher Education Suited to the New Development Stage: Based on the Analysis of the Structure of Non-Public Higher Education
    YAN Liwen
    2021, 37(06): 23-29. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.04
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    Based on the new stage of high-quality development of higher education, we need to pay close attention to the structure and quality of non-public higher education. A comprehensive analysis of the scale, students, location, system and discipline structure of non-public higher education since the promulgation of the law on the promotion of non-public education in 2003 shows that China’s non-public higher education has contributed greatly to the transformation of China’s higher education from massification to popularization in terms of service supply and system contribution. Non-public higher education has entered a new stage of stable scale, quality oriented and characteristic development. It is urgent to deal with the relationships between scale and quality, resource supply and demand, discipline and industrial structure, internal and external collaborative development. In addition, we need to recognize non-public higher education’s institutional contributions, develop a reasonable range of non-public college scale, establish quality standards in advance, and optimize the mode of resource supply, so as to promote the quality and efficiency of non-public higher education and optimize the structure of higher education in the new development stage.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Calm Thinking under the Fierce Phenomenon of the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines: Based on the Baton Effect of Examination System
    WEI Huafeng1; JI Wenxi2
    2021, 37(06): 30-36. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.05
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    As the latest measure for the selection and training of top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines, the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines shoulders the multiple missions entrusted by the state. It has been fully implemented by the government, actively cooperated by universities and generally recognized by the academic community, showing a trend of “hot”. Although the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines has a good start overall, there is also a phenomenon of “cold” enrollment in some pilot universities, which affects the expected results of the system. Based on the analysis of the baton effect of the examination system, it can be seen that the reason for the “cold” of part of the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines is that the selection threshold is high, the interest and competitiveness have not yet been highlighted, and it is not relatively unique and exclusive. In order to get rid of the “cold” phenomenon, the government should expand the scope of trials and the weight of school examinations; colleges need to implement training programs to demonstrate the superiority of the system; students should strengthen their academic career ideals.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Cultivation Paths for International Talents in the Field of Philosophy and Social Sciences in the New Era: An Analysis Based on Grounded Theory
    XU Xiaozhou1,2,3; FENG Jianchao2
    2021, 37(06): 37-40. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.06
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    International talents in the field of philosophy and social sciences are the driving force for building philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics as well as pushing Chinese excellent culture to go global. Using the grounded theory method, the author proposes building a five-sphere integrated cultivation system for international talents which consists of the individual, education, academics, support, and institution, and suggests following paths such as promoting quality cultivation centered on love for the motherland, improving the education and teaching system oriented toward developing the global vision, strengthening the support system with innovation at the core, and optimizing the talents incentive mechanism with contribution as the gauge, so as to cultivate international talents in the field of philosophy and social sciences that meet the needs of the new era.
  • Research and Exploration
    Rethinking Effective Student Learning Experiences: An Operational Framework
    Patrick T. Terenzini1; Translated by ZHAO Juming2
    2021, 37(06): 41-43. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.07
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    After 40 years of studying “how college affects students”, the author proposed an operational framework with six characters in order to help college faculties and administrators promote student-centered undergraduate education reform, which involve encounters with challenging ideas or people, require students’ active engagement with the challenge; occur in supportive environments; encourage active real-world learning; involve other people; invite or promote reflection. The author suggests with this framework, faculties and administrators are able to determine whether their activities, programs or services are good enough to promote student effective learning.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Policy of College Enrollment Expansion and Return on Education of Transfer of Rural Urban Labor Force Estimation of Instrumental Variables: Based on the Design of FRD
    FANG Chao; HUANG Bin
    2021, 37(06): 44-50. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.08
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    Based on the design of fuzzy RD, this paper empirically evaluates the impact of college enrollment expansion policy on the wage level of rural urban labor force by measuring the return rate of university education. The first stage regression of IV reveals that the enrollment expansion policy of colleges promotes the education and wage level to “jump” upward of transfer of rural urban labor force. It is found that receiving university education can increase the wage level of all, male and female by 19.2%, 13.1% and 33.3%, which is lower than the estimate of OLS due to the correction of endogenous problems by the second stage regression; Further using the method of UQR, it is found that the heterogeneity of university education shows a “V” curve, but the enrollment expansion policy objectively expands the intra group wage gap of rural-urban labor force. The conclusion of the empirical study helps to scientifically evaluate the social and economic value of the enrollment expansion policy of colleges and universities in the period of economic transformation from the perspective of labor market, while provides decision-making basis for promoting the high-quality development of higher education.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Construction of New Engineering Education Integrated into Regional Development: Logic, Challenges and Approaches
    XIE Binglei; WU Linhua
    2021, 37(06): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.09
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    Based on serving the national regional development strategy and accelerating the promotion of regional innovation experiments in education modernization, promoting the integrated development of regional integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the new engineering education is an important way to explore the Chinese paradigm of international engineering education. The characteristics of industrial revolution, educational revolution, and governance revolution represented by industrial transformation, educational connotative development, and governance integration have established a logical path for regional high-quality integrated development. Focusing on the regional mechanism obstacles, main game obstacles, and industry-education cooperation obstacles in the integrated development of higher education, a three-level practice path is proposed. At the macro level, with institutional design as a breakthrough point, the integration process of higher education in the Yangtze River Delta region should rely on the institutional advantages of regional integration. At the meso level, with organizational unity as the key point, strengthening the regional new engineering education alliance and other organizational systems should activate the vitality of the basic elements of the society. At the micro level, we will focus on model innovation to explore a new paradigm of engineering education oriented to the integration of production and education.
    • Comparative Education
  • Comparative Education
    Reference and Transcendence: Reflections on the Comparative Study of Higher Education Between China and the U.S.
    WEN Wen
    2021, 37(06): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.10
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    The study clarifies the main misunderstandings of American higher education studies in China, and integrates diachronic and synchronic approaches to compare the two higher education systems in the structure, the training of scientific and technological talents, the student funding system, and the undergraduate curriculum. The study aims to grasp the status quo and future trends of the two higher education systems from the macro, meso, and micro perspectives, and evaluate the complexity of the status quo of China’s higher education, in order to provide insights into the future development of China’s higher education in the new era.
  • Comparative Education
    A Comparative Study on the Scale and Quality of Sci-Tech Talents in Chinese and American Universities
    HU Die; WANG Songdi
    2021, 37(06): 65-71. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.11
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    In the context of the current evolution of Sino-US relations, the competition for sci-tech talents between China and the United States is becoming increasingly fierce. As the base camp to carry out cutting-edge and basic research, the scale and quality of sci-tech talents cultivated by universities determine a country’s scientific and technological strength and future development potential. Based on the domestic and foreign statistical survey data and policy documents, this study compares the scale and quality status of sci-tech talents in Chinese and American universities, studies and judges the reserve capacity and international competitiveness of sci-tech talents in China. It is proposed that China should reduce the gap with the United States from five aspects, such as increasing the investment of scientific research funds in universities, enhancing the attraction of international sci-tech talents in universities, so as to gradually catch up with and surpass the quality of sci-tech talents in universities, and realize the great goal of building China into a scientific and power in the world.
    • Teacher Education
  • Teacher Education
    Deepening Reform in Academic Rank Review System in the New Era: Achievements, Problems and Reflection
    WANG Xiaomei1; WU Yingce1; HUANG Xiao2; BAI Yixian3; ZHU Zefeng2; CHEN Chaoqun2
    2021, 37(06): 72-77. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.12
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    Based on the supervision of the academic rank review in universities administered by MoE, this paper analyzes the annual reports on the academic rank review of 75 universities, and the self-review reports by a sample survey of 25 universities. Combined with the analysis of on-site inspection, seminars and interviews of the 25 universities, the achievements of the current academic rank review system are concluded as follows: upholding the principle of Party-guided talent management system and performing the fundamental task of values education; implementing scholarly peer review and enhancing the evaluation system of diversified classification; implementing representative academic results evaluation system and creating a fair evaluation environment. Based on the existing problems, the paper points out some key aspects regarding deepening reform in academic rank review system in the new era, which includes: enhancing values education, emphasizing teaching quality evaluation, improving the evaluation system of diversified classification, building a dynamic process of evaluation and recruitment management.
  • Teacher Education
    The Current Situation of Teaching Scholarship in Northwest China: An Empirical Study of 38 Higher Education Institutions
    LIU Yi; LI Hui
    2021, 37(06): 78-83. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.13
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    Based on the latest survey of the faculty of 38 universities and colleges in 2020, it constructed a descriptive framework in analyzing the teaching scholarship including teaching philosophy, input and growth of each type of higher education institutions. The basic findings indicate that faculty in different types of higher education institutions have shown their difference in teaching attitude, input and behaviors which reflect the characteristic of respective institution. Compared with the organizational support provided by institutions, the self-initiative development of faculty has a more significant role in promoting the growth of academic teaching.It is an effective way to promote the academic development of College Teachers in Northwest China to explore the effective path of the coupling development of teaching and scientific research, carry out targeted teaching ability cultivation activities, and stimulate teachers to form a positive teaching academic self-development mechanism.
    • Educational Rule of Law
  • Educational Rule of Law
    Research on the Adjudication Path of the “Up-or-Out” Contract Disputes at Higher Education Institutions
    LI Xiaoqian
    2021, 37(06): 84-89. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.14
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    As an important part of the personnel reform at higher education institutions in China, the implementation process of the “up-or-out” system has been accompanied by disputes and even doubts. The uncertainty of the nature of the “up-or-out” contract leads to significant differences in judgments. In the dimension of the relationship with teachers, higher education institutions are not authorized by laws and regulations. They and teachers are civil subjects with equal legal status, and the “up-or-out” contract does not have the public nature. Therefore, the “up-or-out” contract disputes can not be solved by administrative litigation, but by civil litigation. Based on the legal nature of labor disputes, we should abide by the system of “one mediation, one arbitration and two trials” in the procedural arrangement.
  • Educational Rule of Law
    The Right to Set the Standard of Degree Award: Basic Connotation, Core Disputes and System Construction
    ZHANG Songyun
    2021, 37(06): 90-96. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.15
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    A typical degree dispute case has triggered discussion and research on the right to set standards for degree awarding. Starting from the normative connotation and legal attributes of the degree-granting standard-setting power, it is concluded that it has the characteristics of both administrative power and academic power. Faced with the problems of unclear subject, unclear scope, and lack of procedures for the degree-granting standard setting rights, they responded one by one and proposed a complete set of degree-granting standard-setting power exercise systems from legislative orientation to specific systems, from substantive legislation to procedural establishment. It is constructed in order to resolve disputes over degree award and better protect the rights and interests of students.
    • Curriculum and Teaching Reform
  • Curriculum and Teaching Reform
    Teaching Risk and Its Governance in Colleges and Universities From the Perspective of the Theory of Risk Society
    MOU Wei1; CHEN Youli2
    2021, 37(06): 97-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.16
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    Educational risk has become a unique risk field among social risks, and teaching risk, as the core link of education, deserves special attention. The main forms of teaching risks in colleges and universities can be classified from curriculum form, teaching process and teaching elements. Based on the theory of risk society, the teaching risk in colleges and universities is attributed to the restriction of the current teaching safety education mechanism, the teaching risk is mainly caused by human risk, the liability body of the teaching risk is difficult to determine and the lack of life safety education and other factors. The governance of teaching risk in colleges and universities needs systematic and institutional design, namely, it is needed to set up the scientific risk consciousness, establish a system based on multiple governance, develop big data platform early warning system, build an educational system to guard against teaching risk, expand coverage of campus liability insurance, and construct the organizational guarantee of teaching risk prevention and control.
    • Higher Vocational Education
  • Higher Vocational Education
    A Study on the Motivation of Enterprises in the Modern Apprenticeship Reform with Higher Vocational Colleges
    JIA Wensheng1; XU Jian2; SHI Weiping3
    2021, 37(06): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.06.17
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    Both questionnaire and interview were adopted in this study aimed to further understand how the business community is motivated in the modern apprenticeship for higher vocational colleges. The analysis is made respectively from the macro-perspective of social systems, the meso-perspective of the school-industry partnership and the micro-perspective of individuals. The analysis of both economic and trust-building motives on how they are factored into such apprenticeship is also made from each perspective. Suggestions are therefore given, from the macro-perspective, that the responsibility of enterprises in such school-industry partnership should be specified before the apprenticeship becomes widely accepted, that, from the meso-perspective, some non-market approaches should be taken to help enterprises accumulate technologies, and that, from the micro-perspective, a new master-apprentice relationship should be forged on the basis of tutor selection and administration.