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  • Special Issues
    To Learn and Understand the Spirit of the CPC Central Committee’s General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Speech During His Investigation at Renmin University of China
    LIU Wei; GUAN Peijun; DONG Qi; WANG Dinghua; XIE Weihe; MA Luting; YAN Fengqiao; ZHOU Xiaohui
    2022, 38(06): 4-10. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.02
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    • Feature
  • Feature
    Scale Growth and Structure Optimization of Higher Education Student in the Early Stages of Universal Access Phase
    ZHANG Wei
    2022, 38(06): 11-18. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.03
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    In the early stage of universal access higher education, the structure should be optimized further following the scale conscious growth. In the late 20th century, the prediction error of higher education students, by some America schoolers, think tanks, and government agents, was large, with one of causes by inadequate prediction of student structure change. The prediction is made by the methods, such as trend extrapolation, some single factors including GDP, population, and 18-22 years’ old population, as well as double factors of total scale of higher education and 18-22 years’ old population. The target of gross enrolment ratio is expected to be implemented ahead of schedule again. The trend of student diversity should be considered more, while concerning to the student scale and planning objective. It is recommended to heighten the structure of educational level, to develop postgraduate education for professional degree, to advance the distribution of doctoral student recruitment appropriately; to define the position of vocational education, and to develop multiple levels and forms of it; to improve the system of adult education policies and regulations, and to extend non-degree and part-time education, so as to move forward to the intermediate and advanced phases of universal access.
  • Feature
    Conceptual Innovation and Organization Reconstruction of the Internationalization of Higher Education in the Era of Great Change
    XU Xiaozhou; ZHENG Shuxian; HAN Guanshuang
    2022, 38(06): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.04
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    The development pattern of international economy and society has a profound impact on the idea and form of internationalization of higher education. At present, the internationalization of education is facing new challenges, such as the educational separation under the flood of COVID-19, the reverse globalization under the narrow nationalism trend, the trust crisis under the belief conflict environment, and the ethical crisis in the background of artificial intelligence. At the same time, the great changes in the international economy and society, the development of intelligent science, the common problems of mankind and the global flow of population have brought new opportunities for the transformation of the internationalization model of higher education. Facing the future, China’s opening-up system of higher education must adapt to the future development and national strategic needs, and reconstruct new ideas of international higher education cooperation by optimizing and integrating organizational elements, such as value, objectives, projects and resources; reconstruct the new framework of international higher education cooperation through the innovation of organizational models, such as the construction of international scientific research cooperation body, international teaching consortium and international governance community.
    • Teacher Education
  • Teacher Education
    The Logic of the Reform of University Teacher Evaluation
    ZHOU Guangli
    2022, 38(06): 26-33. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.05
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    Academic system is a matrix system composed of institutions and disciplines. University teachers are subordinate to both institutions and disciplines. The former is a visible college, the latter is an invisible college. The evaluation of university teachers has two dimensions, one is the performance evaluation of tangible colleges, and the other is the peer evaluation of intangible colleges. The evaluation of tangible colleges focuses on teaching and talent training, and attaches importance to performance evaluation and bureaucratic governance. The evaluation of intangible colleges focuses on research and academic output, emphasizing peer evaluation and academic autonomy. Breaking the “Five unique” and establishing a new standard should be based on the bottom logic of the academic system and reform the university teacher evaluation system from the two dimensions of institutions and disciplines. The evaluation reform of institutional dimension must establish the effectiveness of building morality and cultivating people as the fundamental standard for evaluating university teachers, and the evaluation reform of discipline dimension must establish a new standard of outstanding talents based on cutting-edge breakthrough.
  • Teacher Education
    New Graduate Schools of Education: The Controversial New Organization of Teacher Education in the United States: Taking the Relay Graduate School of Education as an Example
    WANG Yan
    2022, 38(06): 34-40. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.06
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    The new graduate school of education, represented by Relay Graduate School of Education, is a controversial new measure by the “revolutionaries” of American teacher education to replace the traditional college of education. “Relay” focuses on teaching practice, pays attention to performance and accountability, takes school teachers as teacher educators, and forms a closed loop of teacher enrollment, training and employment in charter schools. While “Relay” has the advantages of paying attention to practice, accountability and educational equity, it also faces corresponding doubts. Based on the experience of “Relay”, we can develop core practical ability to enrich educational practice courses, pay attention to the customized training of teachers for weak areas, improve the awareness of quality accountability of teacher education institutions, and build a diversified pre-service teacher education model.
    • Education and Cultivation of Outstanding Engineers
  • Education and Cultivation of Outstanding Engineers
    Cultivating a Large Number of Outstanding Engineers of the New Era Worthy of the Task of National Rejuvenation
    LIN Jian
    2022, 38(06): 41-49. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.07
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    As one of the four types of strategic talents responsible for the great mission of national rejuvenation, outstanding engineers of the new era have been highly valued by Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. This paper takes the education and cultivation of such talents as the main line, on the basis of explaining their mission, mainly and briefly discusses the core elements and main links, including the types and training levels of outstanding engineers, construction of engineering disciplines and majors, division and cooperation of various universities, idea of talent education and training, training objectives and training standard system, training program formulation, professional course construction, teaching method reform, whole-process cooperative training between school and enterprise, engineering teacher team construction, multi-party collaborative education mechanism，in order to provide some suggestions and reference for the relevant universities.
  • Education and Cultivation of Outstanding Engineers
    Exploring the Construction of School-Enterprise Collaboration Mechanism for Education and Cultivation of Outstanding Engineers in the New Era: Taking School of Future Aerospace Technology of Beihang University as an Example
    YE Jinxin; HAN Yu; ZHANG Jianglong; LIU Kesheng
    2022, 38(06): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.08
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    This article focuses on the requirements of the education and cultivation of outstanding engineers in the new era, clarifies the core position of the construction of school-enterprise collaborative mechanism, and analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of school-enterprise collaborative cultivation of excellent engineers at home and abroad. Through the innovative exploration of school-enterprise collaborative education mechanism, School of Future Aerospace Technology of Beihang University has established the “STEP school-enterprise collaborative education system”, which purposefully solves the existing serious problems such as unsound structure, mismatch between supply and demand, and lack of collaboration between industry and education. This proposed new system creates a symbiosis of technological innovation and engineering education with the collaboration of industry, academia and research parties, and promotes the connotative development of the education and cultivation of outstanding engineers in the new era.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Research on the Influence of “Double First-Class” Construction on the Enrollment Quality of Majors Within Undergraduate Universities: Evidence from Admissions Data from Shandong
    WU Yuchuan; DING Yanqing
    2022, 38(06): 57-63. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.09
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    Based on the panel data of college entrance examination admission in Shandong Province in 2016, 2018 and 2019, the empirical analysis by the two-way fixed effects model shows that the identity effect of “Double First-Class” construction universities objectively exists: the selection of “Double First-Class” construction universities can significantly improve the enrollment quality of majors, the promotion effect of first-class university construction universities is stronger than that of first-class discipline construction universities, and the promotion effect of universities with upgraded identity is more obvious. However, as of 2019, the “Double First-Class” construction has no obvious discipline identity effect if it is discussed regardless of disciplines: whether the discipline is selected into the “Double First-Class” construction disciplines has no significant influence on the enrollment quality of majors in most cases. In addition, when discussing by disciplines, after medical and IT disciplines are selected as “Double First-Class” construction disciplines, the enrollment quality is significantly improved, while that of humanities, social sciences and science disciplines is relatively short-lived. However, the quality of students in economics and management disciplines and other engineering disciplines except computer and electronic information has declined after being selected into the “Double First-Class” construction disciplines.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Which High School-University Connection Activities Affect the Professional Interest of College Freshmen: The Enlightenment to the Implementation of Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Fundamental Disciplines
    CUI Haili; ZHU Hong
    2022, 38(06): 64-70. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.10
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    Based on the survey data of college freshmen in one “Double First-Class” construction university in 2020 and 2021, ordered Probit model was used to analyze the influence of high school-university connection activities experience on students’ professional interest when entering university, and further to compare the influence of different activities on the professional interests of freshmen who were admitted by the Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Fundamental Disciplines(PRPEFD) and by Unified College Entrance Examination(UCEE). It was found that, high school social practice and career education activities had significant positive impact on the professional interest of college freshmen. These two kinds of activities could also predict the professional interest of freshmen admitted by PRPEFD. In order to enhance professional interest of students (especially students admitted by PRPEFD), based on the perspective of high school-university connection training,relevant suggestions were put forward such as high school organize systematic and diversified social practice and career education activities, as well as provide scientific exploration opportunities and guidance services in cooperation with universities.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    The Priority Path to Accelerate the Independent Cultivation of Doctoral Students
    ZHOU Haitao; LIN Siyu
    2022, 38(06): 71-76+84. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.11
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    Strengthening the independent cultivation of talents is the fundamental way to realize national independent innovation, and accelerating the independent cultivation of doctoral students is a top priority. It is necessary to stimulate endogenous motivation, guide doctoral students to enhance scientific research autonomy, improve the scientificity of tutor guidance, and strengthen the main responsibility of university cultivation; it is necessary to optimize the ability structure, and improve the ability to raise questions, logical thinking, and theoretical construction; it is necessary to improve evaluation methods, and highlight quality orientation, peer review, and process evaluation; it is necessary to improve the learning system mechanism, continuously advance in the learning support system, improve the diversion exit mechanism, and strengthen the system of academic communications and practical activities.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Exploring and Reconstructing Time Experience in Doctoral Students’ Academic Life: A Qualitative Study in a Chemistry Lab
    LIN Huanxiang
    2022, 38(06): 77-84. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.12
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    In this study, researcher act as “insider” to collect field materials as well as analyse time experience in daily academic life of doctoral students in a state key chemistry laboratory. The results show that the pressure of graduation causes the reverse change of time perception of doctoral students, and the anxiety makes them stay in an accelerated pace of life. The significant events affect the time passing rate perceived by the doctoral students. The time system in the laboratory impacts and shapes the time structure of doctoral students, but they can also adjust the time experience by exerting their subjectivity. Therefore, to reconstruct the time experience of doctoral students, it is necessary for doctoral students to exert their own initiative and construct a more positive time experience together with the help of supervisors through the reform of external academic environment.
    • Labor Education
  • Labor Education
    Characteristics, Structure and Implement of Labor Education Curriculum in Universities
    SHI Wei
    2022, 38(06): 85-90. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.13
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    Labor education is an important part of China’s education policy. The integration of labor education in colleges, primary and secondary schools should be based on their own characteristics and build a curriculum system combining universality and uniqueness. College labor education has the characteristics of education, specialty and service. According to the two types of curriculum forms of discipline and practice, combined with the two spatial fields inside and outside the school, and according to the logical route of general education-specialty-literacy, build the framework of labor education general education curriculum, specialty integration curriculum and literacy development curriculum. By strengthening the difficulties in the training of teachers, we can get through the blocking point of the coordinated promotion of school and local curriculum, eliminate the pain point of the evaluation of the effect of curriculum implementation, and promote the orderly implementation of university labor education.
  • Labor Education
    Analysis on the Standardization Construction of the Compulsory Courses of Labor Education in Colleges and Universities
    QU Xia; LI Ke
    2022, 38(06): 91-96. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.14
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    Establishing the compulsory courses of labor education is a necessary move to clarify and guarantee the important position of labor education, implement the main mission of labor education in the new era, and realize the promotion of labor literacy education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools. The survey shows that various colleges and universities have various requirements for the compulsory courses of labor education, and it is urgent to clarify the direction and strengthen the guidance of norms. The standardized construction of compulsory labor education courses should adhere to the bottom line, scientifically locate the nature and objectives of the courses, rationally plan the course structure and content, establish and improve teaching management mechanism, and gradually improve the course assessment and evaluation system. At the same time, it is necessary to dialectically handle the relationships of normative and flexible, theoretical and practical, short-term and long-term, so as to promote the maturity of the curriculum and the real implementation of labor education.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    Talking about the “Promoting the Coordinated Development of Vocational Education and General Education” in the New “Vocational Education Law”
    ZHANG Chen; MA Shuchao; YANG Lin
    2022, 38(06): 97-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.15
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    The new “Vocational Education Law” proposes to “coordinately promoting the coordinated development of vocational education and general education”. Thereinto, “coordinated development” is the inheritance of the old version of the “Vocational Education Law”, and “coordinated advancement” is the development of the old version of the “Vocational Education Law”. This clause has great practical significance and guiding value for changing the scale structure, funding structure and uncoordinated development in various regions in the current vocational education reform and development. The most urgent task at the moment is to grasp the problem of “incoordination” between the two structural indicators of “scale” and “funding”. On the one hand, it is necessary to implement the main responsibility of governments at all levels in accordance with the law to “coordinately promote”, so as to “not be absent”; on the other hand,it is necessary to deepen the reform of “decentralization, management and service”, promoting vocational schools and training institutions to carry out “school-enterprise cooperation” in accordance with the law, so as to stimulate the vitality of running schools “not offside”.
  • Vocational Education
    The Policy Logic and Practical Approach of the “Three Reforms of Teaching, Textbooks and Teachers” of Vocational Education in the Digital Era
    ZOU Hongqiu; XU Jiayang
    2022, 38(06): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2022.06.16
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    As a systematic project in the process of improving the quality of vocational education, the “three reforms of teaching, textbooks and teachers” is the key to promoting the high quality of vocational education. The policies on the “three reforms of teaching, textbooks and teachers” of vocational education show the characteristics of continuous improvement of the operability of the policy, gradual enhancement of the orientation of the goal, continuous clarity of the orientation of the reform and increasingly prominent development strategy. With the support of policies, “three reforms of teaching, textbooks and teachers” continues to advance, but there are some problems, such as the solidification of the source of teachers’ team structure, the lack of information literacy, the content of teaching materials lagging behind industrial development and technological iteration, the separation of teaching and technology, the lack of monitoring and other problems in teaching, resulting in students to rely on technical equipment for learning，and the challenge of online teaching to students’ self-control. In view of the problems existing in the “three reforms of teaching, textbooks and teachers” of vocational education in the digital era, vocational colleges need to build a high-quality “double qualified” teacher innovation team, cooperate with schools and enterprises to develop loose leaf and manual teaching materials based on the working process, promote the reform of teaching methods with multi-dimensional space, online and offline, and the integration of doing and learning, build a fully functional monitoring, evaluation and improvement mechanism, so as to constantly improve the quality of teaching and learning.