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    Building a Leading Country in Education
  • Building a Leading Country in Education
    Beyond Performance: University Governance Capability and University System Construction
    WU Daguang1,2; HU Xiaoping1
    2023, 39(12): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.01
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    University governance capability is the basis of the high-quality development of universities, while university system construction is the embodiment of university governance capability. As a common means of university governance at present, performance appraisal reflects the management thinking of pursuing efficiency; although it plays a certain role in promoting university governance from experience management to system management, its negative role begins to appear. Through analyzing the method and logic of performance appraisal of scientific research and teaching, this paper finds that there is “too rigid” experience governance in university governance capability, which leads to “a lack of warmth” in institutional governance, “concept deviation” in cultural governance, and other predicaments. In the process of promoting the high-quality and connotative development, any university needs to go beyond the overly-institutionalized performance management and abandon the performance appraisal characterized by the “work point system”. To improve university’s academic ecology, it is necessary to enhance the governance concept and cognition level of university leaders, explore the science-oriented university governance, and build the modern university governance model with Chinese characteristics.
  • Building a Leading Country in Education
    Building a Four-Level and Three-Category Degree System to Support the Construction of a Leading Country in Higher Education
    WANG Zhanjun1; ZHAI Yajun2; ZHANG Wei1
    2023, 39(12): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.02
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    The degree system is a basic education system in our country and the cornerstone of building a leading country in higher education. Focusing on the connotation and needs of a leading country in higher education, and from the perspective of building a leading country in higher education, it is necessary to break through the dual framework of academic degrees and professional degrees and build a four-level (i.e., associate-bachelor’s- master’s-doctoral) and three-category (i.e., scientific, applied, and vocational) with Chinese characteristics; it will further improve our country’s degree system, promote the comprehensive advancement of law-based education in our country’s education, meet the diverse needs of social development, and achieve the all-round development of people. As the first education law in the People’s Republic of China, the Degree Regulations have symbolic and practical significance that has long exceeded the scope of degree system construction. Research on degree levels and degree types is of great significance to the construction of the higher education legal system and the construction of a leading country in higher education.
    • Educating and Training Excellent Engineers
  • Educating and Training Excellent Engineers
    High-Quality Development of Modern Industrial Colleges for Cultivating Excellent Engineers: Objectives, Strategies, and Paths
    HU Dexin; PANG Dandan; GU Peihua
    2023, 39(12): 16-23,78. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.03
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    Modern industrial college is a new organization to deepen the integration of production and education and cultivate excellent engineers. Based on the first batch of 50 modern industrial colleges in China, this paper analyzes the rise motivation and construction goal, construction logic and integration strategy, and future action path of the construction of modern industrial colleges. Our research shows that the rise motivation and construction goal of modern industrial colleges was jointly shaped by: the layout of strategic emerging industries to serve the national key areas; empowering the deep integration of industry and education to lead regional economic and social development; innovating the organizational form of engineering education and deepening the construction of new engineering; changing the talent training mode and cultivating excellent engineers in the new era. Further, the current construction logic and integration strategy of modern industrial colleges focuses on the construction of a hybrid organizational structure with multi-stakeholder collaborative participation; it emphasizes on the reverse design of talent training programs based on the OBE concept; it creates a project-based teaching paradigm that infiltrates the real engineering environment. Finally, it points out an action path to promote the high-quality development of modern industrial colleges in the future.
    • Education Rule of Law
  • Education Rule of Law
    The Constitutional Basis of the Compilation of Education Code
    DENG Jingqiu
    2023, 39(12): 24-31. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.04
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    Adherence to Constitution is the primary requirement for the compilation of Education Code. It is crucial to interpret the normative foundation of Education Code based on Constitution. Constitutional articles, the fundamental requirement for “multiplying norms”, lay the constitutional foundation of codification and implementation. The educational norms in Constitution mainly include confirmatory norms, programmatic norms, norms of rights and obligations, and organizational norms. To carry out the educational norms in Constitution, the supreme value of Education Code should be citizens’ right to education and national right to educational development, taking overall consideration of the normative expressions and system connections of the education provisions in Constitution. The structure of Education Code should be focused on the type of education and also consider the stage of education. It is necessary to systematically compile existing education legal systems and consider the relationship between education law and other department laws under the values and norms of Constitution to provide comprehensive protection for citizens’ right to education.
  • Education Rule of Law
    Research on the Normative Construction of Legal Liability for Education Code as a Field of Law
    LIU Xudong1,2
    2023, 39(12): 32-39. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.05
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    The proposition of “administrative liability being reserved + civil and criminal causative clause” makes it difficult to form a normative construction of legal liability for Education Code. This issue should be studied based on the attributes of education law. The problem-oriented legislative model and the diversification of the nature of educational legal relationships determine that Education Code is a field of law. The chapter style of “general provisions and supplementary provisions” for legal liability is more helpful in maintaining the systematic nature of Education Code as a field of law. In terms of compilation method, it should follow the compilation method of field of laws: firstly, use causative clause to regulate civil and criminal liability and use causative clause and specific liability clauses to regulate administrative liability; secondly, add general liability clauses to highlight the value of Education Code and achieve the connection between Education Code and other legislations; finally, improve the liability clauses corresponding to obligations and enhance the justiciability of Education Code.
    • Teacher Education
  • Teacher Education
    Teaching Evaluation System for College Teachers in the New Era: Reflection on Human Nature and Reconstruction Direction
    MEI Xiongjie; JI Guojun
    2023, 39(12): 40-47. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.06
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    The teaching evaluation system of college teachers plays a key role in guiding the development of teaching quality. From the perspective of human nature assumption theory, the current teaching evaluation system of college teachers mainly starts from the assumption of “economic man”, advocating to guarantee teaching quality through performance accountability, uniform standards, and efficiency priority; it ignores the complexity, generativity, and educativeness of the human nature assumption, which leads to an imbalance between the intrinsic demand of the evaluation system and the reality of the teaching needs of college teachers. To get rid of the predicament of human nature mismatch in the teaching evaluation system of college teachers, it is necessary to establish the evaluation thinking of combining self-interested and altruistic human natures in the value orientation, establish the index positioning of resonance between preformed and generated human natures in the content standard, and seek the unity of instrumental rationality and value rationality in the method specification for the support system, and make multidimensional synergistic changes in the teaching evaluation system of college teachers to realize harmonious changes in the same direction of the development of individuals, organizations, and society.
  • Teacher Education
    Analysis of the Upgrading Reform of the University of California Staff System and Its Driving Mechanism
    LIU Yarong; CUI Mingming; PANG Jiaxin; YAN Wei
    2023, 39(12): 48-55. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.07
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    In the process of “Double First-Class” construction of China’s high-level universities, reforming the university staff system has become an important starting point to improve the efficiency of university management and promote the realization of university strategic goals. However, there are still many problems in the staff team of China’s universities. The current staff system reform of China’s universities has neither achieved the set goals nor formed a mature institutional system. This paper systematically sorts out the latest staff reform of the University of California and analyzes the composition mechanism of the career track system in detail, which is the core framework of its staff system. The driving mechanism of its reform, including problems， strategic orientation, human resources upgrading system， and organizational structure, is analyzed in this paper. The necessity and possible resistance to promote similar reforms in China are inferred in order to provide references and reform ideas for improving the management level of colleges and universities in China.
  • Teacher Education
    The Operating Mechanism and Logical Direction of the Developmental Evaluation System of Teachers’ Research in UK’s Universities
    CHEN Tingting1; WANG Zhehe2
    2023, 39(12): 56-63. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.08
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    The developmental evaluation of teachers’ research in universities is of great significance for achieving disciplinary characteristic development, forward-looking, continuous research innovation, and the sustainable development of teachers. As the first country in the world to establish a teacher developmental evaluation system, the UK has been exploring and practicing for a long time and formed a two-level developmental evaluation system of teachers’ research, which presents a logical direction of promoting the sustainable development of the evaluation object, realizing the consistency of multi-value judgment, attaching importance to the substantial value-added of research output, and following the generative law of discipline development. China can draw on the UK’s experience in evaluating university teachers, such as concepts, systems, modes, and result applications in the following aspects: improve university teachers’ incentive system and construct a hierarchical evaluation and development support system for university teachers; promote the participation of stakeholders in the construction and improve the evaluation mechanism for the integration of multiple values; adhere to strategic, cutting-edge, and applied research standards and optimize the design of research organization systems; strengthen the construction of professional research evaluation groups and standardize the standard system of research meta-evaluation.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Dual Dividends of Population and Talent: The Impact of University New Campus Construction on County Human Capital
    XIAO Ye; CAO Yulian; HA Wei
    2023, 39(12): 64-70. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.09
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    High-quality economic development relies on high-quality human capital. Based on county-level census data from 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper utilizes the quasi-experiment of university enrollment expansion in China to investigate the impact of university new campus construction on regional human capital using a two-way fixed-effects model from three aspects: population size, population quality, and industrial population structure. The study finds that each newly established university campus increased the population size of a county by 7.0% and attracted an influx of population by 10.2%. The average years of education in the county increased by 0.11 years, and the proportion of highly skilled population increased by 1.83%. It also reduced the proportion of the secondary industry population while increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry population and the proportion of professional and technical personnel. Furthermore, it is found that county-level new campuses have spillover effects on neighboring counties. Therefore, university new campus construction promotes population aggregation in counties, enhances population quality, and drives the transition and upgrading of employment towards the tertiary industry.
  • Research and Exploration
    Interdisciplinary Evolution in Universities from the Perspective of Disciplines: From Interdisciplinary Research to Interdisciplinary Discipline
    WANG Tao
    2023, 39(12): 71-78. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.10
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    The importance of university interdisciplinary work in knowledge production and serving economic and social needs is widely recognized by all sectors of society. However, there are still three issues: firstly, the conceptual relationship of “interdisciplinary”, “interdisciplinary research”, and “interdisciplinary discipline” in the context of localization is not yet clear; secondly, in practice, the distinction between “interdisciplinary research” and “interdisciplinary discipline” is vague and the phenomenon of arbitrary intersection is common; thirdly, the process of interdisciplinary evolution has not yet corresponded to foreign interdisciplinary classification research. Discipline is a key dimension in the interdisciplinary evolution of universities, and it is also an essential differentiation of the evolution from “interdisciplinary research” to “interdisciplinary discipline”. The interdisciplinary process in universities is an interaction between different disciplines; its instantaneity reflects in different types based on the degree of integration. Therefore, based on the disciplinary dimension, this study explores the concepts and relationships among “interdisciplinary”, “interdisciplinary research”, and “interdisciplinary discipline” in order to strengthen communication and dialogue on interdisciplinary research both domestically and internationally and promote the development of interdisciplinary research in universities.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    The Impact of the Ratio of Doctoral to Master’s Students on Regional Innovation: An Analysis of the Appropriate Scale of Doctoral Students in China
    GUO Congbin; QIU Shichen
    2023, 39(12): 79-86. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.11
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    The influence of doctoral students and master’s students on regional innovation is different, so it is necessary to determine a reasonable doctoral-master’s ratio to promote the development of regional innovation. Using the provincial panel data from 2005 to 2020, this study calculated the ratio of doctoral to master’s students and regional innovation ability at the national and regional levels, and tested the threshold effect of the ratio of doctoral to master’s students on regional innovation at the national and regional levels, and then calculated the appropriate scale of doctoral students according to the threshold optimal interval of the ratio. It was found that the ratio of doctoral to master’s students showed a threshold effect on regional innovation, and the effect decreases from the eastern to the central to the western regions. Among the three regions, the actual scale of doctoral students in the central and western regions was relatively lower than the moderate scale. Therefore, it is necessary to properly balance the enrollment scale of doctoral students and master’s students, and determine the proportion between them according to the actual situation of the region; at the same time, doctoral student enrollment should be appropriately decentralized, and supervision bodies should be set up to ensure the quality of doctoral degree programs approved by pilot provinces.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    The Mechanism of Cultivating Interdisciplinary Ability of Doctoral Students: Based on the Survey of 37 “Double First-Class” Construction Universities
    WANG Siyao
    2023, 39(12): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.12
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    This study constructed a structural equation model of interdisciplinary training environment, interdisciplinary engagements, and interdisciplinary abilities of doctoral students based on the survey data of 4 373 doctoral students from 37 “Double First-class” construction universities. The results showed that doctoral students were less satisfied with interdisciplinary resources and courses and more satisfied with the interdisciplinary training provided by supervisors. Doctoral students’interdisciplinary engagements were insufficient, and their interdisciplinary abilities and reflective behavior levels had a large room for improvement. Interdisciplinary engagement completely mediated the relationship between interdisciplinary resources and interdisciplinary ability; it also partly mediated the relationship between interdisciplinary courses and interdisciplinary ability as well as the relationship between interdisciplinary training provided by supervisors and interdisciplinary ability. Moreover, interdisciplinary background positively moderated the effect of interdisciplinary courses and interdisciplinary engagement on interdisciplinary ability, and negatively moderated the influence of interdisciplinary resources and interdisciplinary training provided by supervisors on interdisciplinary ability. Therefore, the training institutions should strive to create a good interdisciplinary training environment, enhance the enthusiasm of doctoral students in interdisciplinary engagement, and improve the interdisciplinary training system according to the interdisciplinary background of doctoral students.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    Analysis of Decision-Making Behavior and Influencing Factors of Vocational College Teachers’ Participation in School-Enterprise Cooperation: Qualitative Research Based on Grounded Theory
    RAN Yunfang; WU Xi
    2023, 39(12): 95-100. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.13
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    School-enterprise cooperation is an important form of cultivating technical and skilled talents in vocational education. Teachers play a significant role in this process. However, research has revealed that the enthusiasm and effectiveness of teachers’participation in school-enterprise cooperation is still unsatisfactory. Based on grounded theory, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 teachers from 12 vocational colleges in Jiangsu Province. The original data was encoded word-by-word and sentence-by-sentence, resulting in 74 conceptual tags, 21 initial categories, and 6 main categories. The “Behavior and Influencing Factors of Vocational College Teachers’ Participation in School-Enterprise Cooperation” model was developed, revealing teachers’ dynamic decision-making process of “willingness-performance-benefit” in school-enterprise cooperation, as well as the impact of “school support”, “enterprise need”, and “student performance” on teachers’ participation at different stages. In order to further optimize the efficacy of vocational college teachers’ participation in school-enterprise cooperation, efforts should be made to transform teachers’ own concepts and improve their service capabilities, stimulating their willingness to participate. The evaluation index system for teachers’ participation in school-enterprise cooperation should be established with a focus on teachers’ participation performance. In addition, the incentive and guarantee mechanisms for teachers’ participation in school-enterprise cooperation should be improved to enhance their benefits from participation.
  • Vocational Education
    Progress and Characteristics of Vocational Education Research in China: Statistical Analysis on Vocational Education Research Papers of Colleges and Universities in 2022
    ZHOU Xiang1; WANG Xiaomei2; LIU Zhimeng3
    2023, 39(12): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.12.14
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    The recent five-year statistical analysis of vocational education journals in China found that the ecology of vocational education research activities has matured, and the interaction patterns among institutions, researchers, and journals have gradually presented a stable state. Public universities and public higher vocational colleges still play a major role in this research field. The research contribution rate of public universities in 2022 exceeds that of public vocational colleges. The regional distribution of institutions and researchers still shows differentiation; specifically, the accumulation trend in the eastern region is significant and continues to strengthen, while the influence of research institutions with traditional research advantages remains stable. The distribution of vocational education research hotspots shows the coexistence of continuous attention to traditional issues and phased responses to policy hotspots.