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  • Special Issues
    Organizational Innovation and Quality Assurance in Neo-type Research Universities System in China
    CHEN Jie; CAI Sanfa; ZHENG Gaoming; CHEN Xuqi; PAN Maobo
    2023, 39(04): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.01
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    In order to support the national strategic development, in recent decades, neo-type research universities emerged rapidly in China. Based on the empirical research of neo-type research universities in China, the study examines the organizational innovation in teaching, research and social service of Chinese neo-type universities. Furthermore, the study proposes to develop quality assurance mechanisms in place under the guidance of the input-process-output-context model to ensure the expected high-quality development of neo-type research universities to be delivered. In so doing, the study provide support for the high-quality development of neo-type research universities in China.
  • Special Issues
    Achievements and Early Warnings: Reflections on the Process of Universalization of Higher Education in China
    WU Daguang1,2,3
    2023, 39(04): 8-18. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.02
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    The degree of universalization is one of the important indicators to measure the development level of higher education in a country, and it is also a common trend in the development of higher education in all countries after World War II. After more than twenty years of efforts, China has completed the transition from mass to universalization of higher education, the experience and lessons of which are worth summarizing. As one of the classic theories for analyzing the expansion of higher education, the “three-stage theory” proposed by Martin Trow based on the early mass development of higher education in the United States has a great influence in China, but due to its own limitations and the different history and systems of higher education in China and the United States, there are some deviations in the interpretation of this theory in China. In view of the fact that China has just entered the stage of universalization, this paper takes the achievements and problems of China’s higher education expansion as the starting point, reconsiders the connotation and essence of Trow’s theory of mass, points out the need to reconceptualize its theoretical value based on the changes of the times, and puts forward some issues that should be warned and reconstructed in the process of universalization of China’s higher education from the perspective of “Chinese Path to Modernization”.
    • “Double First-Class” Construction
  • “Double First-Class” Construction
    On Speeding up Building World-Class Universities and Advantaged Disciplines with Chinese Characteristics
    BIE Dunrong1,2; ZHOU Yi1
    2023, 39(04): 19-24,32. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.03
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    The construction of first-class universities and advantaged disciplines are the strategic task of higher education development put forward by the report of the 20th CPC National Congress. It is a new requirement put forward on the basis of various “key development policies”. It is not only conducive to stimulating the inner-dynamism of higher education, but also has great significance to the construction of serving the Chinese path to modernization, and achieve the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Studying the construction of international experience about the first-class universities and advantageous disciplines has important reference to accelerate the construction of world-class universities and advantaged disciplines with Chinese characteristics. In view of this, we should take targeted strategic measures based on the actual situation of the development of universities and disciplines, including upgrading the first-class university construction plan, formulating and implementing the national plan for the construction of advantaged disciplines, creating an environment for the development of first-class universities and advantaged disciplines, developing a new digital space for first-class universities and advantaged disciplines, and playing the leading role of first-class universities and advantaged disciplines.
    • Modernization of Higher Education Governance
  • Modernization of Higher Education Governance
    From the Old Agreement to the New Contract: The Proper Orientation of the Re-modernization of Higher Education
    WANG Jianhua
    2023, 39(04): 25-32. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.04
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    Neo liberalism emphasizes the instrumentality of higher education, regards human capital as the intersection or intermediary between higher education and the working world, regards receiving higher education as an opportunity for individuals to enjoy middle-class life, and endorses the opportunity agreement with market individualism. In recent years, the popularization of higher education and the transformation of the economic technological development paradigm make it difficult to fulfill the promises of the New Liberal Opportunity Agreement on higher education, employment and remuneration. In addition, the accelerated progress of automation and artificial intelligence technology has also disrupted the connection between higher education and the working world. In the face of uncertain future, we need to go beyond the opportunity agreement that high education equals high salary promised by neo liberalism, reconstruct a new social contract with higher education as the center, rethink the meaning of university for personal success and life based on the new educational social contract, and promote the re-modernization of higher education, so as to realize the sustainable development of human society and higher education itself.
  • Modernization of Higher Education Governance
    Orientations and Paths of China’s Universities Serving the National Strategy in the New Era
    HAN Yanming1; GUO Feng2
    2023, 39(04): 33-40. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.05
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    Actively serving the national strategy is the historical mission, political responsibility and development opportunity for China’s universities in the new era. With the continuous development of the popularization of China’s higher education, universities serving the national strategy has shown various new characteristics and new orientations that keep pace with the times. Taking “establishing the concept of serving the national strategy” as the forerunner, “abiding by the education-oriented” as the core, “adhering to the academic root” as the driving force, “opening up service channels” as the key, and “optimizing the institutional environment” as the guarantee, have become the paths of China’s universities serving national strategy in the new era.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Family Capital and Students’ Major Selection in College Entrance Examination: An Empirical Study Based on 5 Undergraduate Universities
    YANG Tao
    2023, 39(04): 41-47. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.06
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    Major selection is of great importance in the context of the new college entrance examination reform. In order to explore the impact of family capital on students’ major selection, an empirical survey was conducted on freshmen enrolled in 2022 using cognitive behavior theory. The results show that family capital has a significant impact on students’ major selection. Among them, at the cognitive level, higher family capital helps students understand their interests and career development, and have a clearer understanding of college professional information; At the behavioral level, family economic capital has a significant impact on students’ preference for major selection. The social stereotype of “the rich study literature, the poor study science” has changed. Children from higher income families prefer to choose natural science majors; The social stereotype that “men learn science and women learn literature” still exists. Accordingly, it is suggested that: strengthen the government’s macro support to promote the education equality of vulnerable families; improve the quality of career planning education and guide students to choose majors rationally; strengthen the guidance of social rational cognition and eliminate the gap between traditional gender concepts.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Stratification and Integration: Evaluation and Reflection of Vocational College Entrance Examination Policy
    ZHANG Renjie
    2023, 39(04): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.07
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    Vocational education college entrance examination is an important institutional reform to communicate the vocational education system, so it is necessary to evaluate it hierarchically from the policy level. Vertically, countries, localities, schools, and students have different tasks and evaluation principles under different discourse systems. The college entrance examination for vocational education was originally based on types, with the goal of providing students with multiple development paths, but in practice it tends to become another kind of exam-oriented exam. The key is to reintegrate the evaluation framework on a layered basis, and form common values and policy standards on fundamental issues such as “good education” and “good life”, so as to give new vitality to policy initiatives.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Analysis of Higher Education Research Papers in Universities and Colleges in 2022: A Study Based on the Literature of 19 Chinese High Influential Educational Journals
    China Higher Education Research Editorial Office
    2023, 39(04): 55-61. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.08
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    The statistical analysis of higher education research papers produced by universities in China in 2022 shows that the distribution of higher education research paper production is uneven among institutions, with public undergraduate colleges and universities contributing far more than other types of institutions. Among them, the majority of research papers produced by “Double First-Class” construction universities. Universities in the eastern region of China show a much higher level of participation in higher education research and paper production compared to those in the central and western regions, as well as the northeast region. The proportion of joint signing of papers is higher than the single, indicating that team collaboration is becoming the mainstream. Higher education research papers show a balance of traditional, policy and social issues as research themes with interaction effect.
  • Research and Exploration
    Participation or Award? Research on the Educational Functions of the College Student Competition
    GUO Fei; ZHANG Lanwen
    2023, 39(04): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.09
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    The college student competition is a platform for innovation and a means of assessing and selecting top innovative talents. From the perspective of student development, what is the educational function of competition beyond selection? Which one is more important, participation or winning an award? Combining the data from a national college student survey collected in year 2018 to 2020 and the award-winning information from 10 high-level national college student competitions, this paper finds that student participation in competitions promotes their overall development, especially their abilities. The impact varies across different types of institutions and majors. High-level competitions selected out students with excellent academic performance but winning an award brought little additional gains. To utilize the value of college student competition, we should place more weight on the process than the result by optimizing the competition content, facilitating broader participation and providing high-quality guidance, so as to achieve the unity of talent selection and cultivation.
    • Comparative Education
  • Comparative Education
    Vertical Transition and Horizontal Hybridization: Analysis of Integration Modes of Vocational and Higher Education in Austria
    SUN Jin; FU Hui
    2023, 39(04): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.10
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    The integration of vocational and higher education has been an objective of reform and development in Austria since the 1980s. The analysis of the relevant policy texts and research literature shows that, over the past decades, Austria has removed the traditional barriers that separated vocational education from higher education and has explored two modes of integration between vocational and higher education: vertical transition and horizontal hybridization. Vertical transition refers to the transition from vocational education to higher education. Students in the vocational education system can access to higher education through the graduation examination of the vocational school they attend, through external examinations or through their vocational qualifications. Horizontal hybridization refers to the combination of vocational and higher education, represented by the dual study model in higher education, which enables students to access to both types of education. This system design helps to meet the needs of different groups of students in the vocational education system to participate in higher education and is an important reference for China to achieve similar development goals of integrating vocational and general education.
  • Comparative Education
    How to Empower Undergraduate Education with Assessment: The Experience of American Universities
    CHEN Fan
    2023, 39(04): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.11
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    Undergraduate education is the fundamental mission of higher education institutions. Playing the role of assessment as the baton to guide the setting of the undergraduate educational goals, understand the growth of students, empower their success, and produce expected educational outcomes is the core task of higher education assessment reform in the new era. The outcome-oriented assessment movement that began in the 1880s in the United States embedded assessment into the undergraduate educational system, and effectively played the role of assessment in guiding and improving education quality. In order to empower undergraduate education with assessment, the consistency of core education goals and assessment indicators is the prerequisite, multiple assessing activities which covered the whole process of education is the fundamental method, relying on professional organizations and data analysis platforms to establish multi-subject collective consultation and synergistic cooperation mechanism in the assessment process is the organizational guarantee, and the assessment results pointing to the improvement of educational elements is the key core.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Situation and Influencing Factors of Graduate Students’ Mental Health Needs in the New Era: Based on a Survey of 15 Universities in China
    DENG Lifang; WANG Shuyi
    2023, 39(04): 83-88. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.12
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    Unsatisfaction with mental health needs would cause psychological problems for graduate students. Based on the investigation and analysis of 1 034 graduate students from 15 universities in China, this study finds that the most urgent mental health needs are self-management needs, scientific research needs, and interpersonal needs. Moreover, it finds significant variations between different genders, majors, monthly disposable living expenses, master’s and doctoral students. Self-support, interpersonal support, and school and social environment support significantly affect the mental health needs of graduate students. The individual self-support of graduate students directly impacts their mental health needs. At the same time, interpersonal support and school and social environment support indirectly affect the mental health needs of graduate students through the mediating effect of self-support.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Weighted Responsibility: Relief of the Difficulties of the “Expert Recommendation Letter” Project in the “Application-Examination” Enrollment System for Doctoral Students
    MA Yixian; ZHANG Wanpeng
    2023, 39(04): 89-94. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.13
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    “expert recommendation letters” are a very important component of the application materials submitted by candidates under the current doctoral candidate “application-examination” enrollment system. Based on a retrospective analysis of the “application-examination” enrollment system, combined with the current practice of the “expert recommendation letter” project in China, and interviews with mentors and doctoral candidates who have already studied in 10 universities in Z Province, L Province, J Province and S City, it is found that there are certain problems with the “expert recommendation letter” in terms of project form, project role, and project evaluation. Therefore, in response to the practical problems oriented “weighted accountability” strategy is proposed: to improve the importance attached to the “expert recommendation letter” project, to improve and standardize the form and content of the “expert recommendation letter” project, and to optimize the evaluation criteria for the “expert recommendation letter” project as realistic solutions.
    • Vocational Education
  • Vocational Education
    The Logic and Direction of the Integrated Development of Higher Vocational Education and Private Economy
    YU Chuang1; SHI Xingjun1; YANG Xiaozhen1; LV Xin’en2; MAO Haizhou1
    2023, 39(04): 95-101. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.14
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    It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to promote the high-quality integrated development of higher vocational education and private economy in the new era. Higher vocational education and the private economy have objective advantages in terms of interests, needs, elements and cultures. However, there are still game points or weak points in terms of value appeal, resource allocation and dynamic mechanism. To construct a benign ecology of integrated development of higher vocational education and private economy, firstly, we should explore the combination of interests and reach a basic consensus at the conceptual level; secondly, we should promote the organic flow and optimal allocation of key elements such as talent, technology, capital and culture; thirdly, we should follow the evolution law of interaction, cooperation, coordination and integration; fourthly, we should realize joint contribution and shared benefits in the field of action. To promote the high-quality integration, the government should give full play to the leading role to promote the organic coupling of education and industry, moreover the adaptive change and active service of higher vocational colleges, as well as the strategic vision and responsibility of private enterprises are needed.
  • Vocational Education
    The Logic, Challenge and Path of Optimizing the Structure of Higher Vocational Education under the Background of High-Quality Development
    LI Xiaowen; SHI Weiping
    2023, 39(04): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2023.04.15
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    Higher vocational education is stepping into a new era of high-quality development. Under the guidance and requirements of multiple logic, it is imperative to optimize the structure of higher vocational education. However, in practice, higher vocational education still faces many difficulties and challenges, such as adaptability deviation of professional structure, lack of coordination of layout structure, poor rationality of hierarchy structure and lack of diversity of type structure. In the future, the structure of higher vocational education must be comprehensively optimized from four aspects: professional structure, layout structure, hierarchy structure and type structure. Improve the dynamic adaptability of the professional structure, strengthen the coordination of the resource layout structure, improve the proportion of levels and the scientific connection, and enrich the diversity of the structure of multiple school types.