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    The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
  • The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
    Political Principles, Governance System and Development Strategy of the Communist Party of China’s Leadership in Institution of Higher Education
    SUN Xiaobing1,2; MA Leijun3
    2021, 37(07): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.01
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    Since its founding of one hundred years, the Communist Party of China has always followed the guidance of Marxism, attached great importance to leading institutions of higher education, and has accumulated rich theoretical and practical experience in this area. Persist on the CPC’s leadership over institutions of higher education, established the socialist direction of higher educational institutions, and formed a modern university governance system with the leadership of the CPC as the core. Through constantly improving the quality of running schools, higher education catches up with the world’s advanced level. In order to meet economic and social development and the needs of the people, we have promoted the reform of higher education four times. The strategy of education opening-up contributes to the building of a community for mankind. We attach importance to teachers of institutions of higher education and build a team of high-level teachers. These aspects reflect the political principles, governance system and development strategy of the CPC’s leadership of institutions of higher education, making higher education an important factor and core driving force for the Chinese nation’s revolutionary struggle, reform and opening up and great rejuvenation.
  • The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
    Historical Review and Basic Experience of the Cadre Education of the Communist Party of China in the Period of New Democratic Revolution
    ZHANG Nan
    2021, 37(07): 7-14. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.02
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    During the period of New Democratic Revolution, cadre education of the Communist Party of China has gone through different historical stages with distinct features, making brilliant achievements. In the early days, CPC realized the change from unconsciousness to consciousness; grew up in revolutionary practice; integrated resources on the united front. In the War of Agrarian Revolution, CPC truly began to lead cadre education independently; the system was initially formed; made outstanding achievements in twists and turns. In the War of Resistance against Japan, the system has been complete; adhered to the principles of integrating theory with practice; promoted each other with the Yan’an Rectification Movement. In the War of Liberation, the system was further improved; the democratic education united front was consolidated and expanded; moved towards the “New Formalization”. Accordingly, the following basic experience is provided for cadre education in the new era: to adhere to the guidance of Marxism and its theoretical results of sinicization; to focus on the tasks of CPC and China in specific era; to carry forward the style of study that integrating theory with practice; to improve the system, leading the Learning Society by the Learning Party.
    • Engineering Education
  • Engineering Education
    Three Evolving Forms of Engineering Education
    LIN Jianhua
    2021, 37(07): 15-19. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.03
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    Engineering education, used to be purely “Engineering Technology”, become a highly sophisticated education system, consisting of three typical models, i.e., Engineering Technology, Engineering Science and Engineering Entrepreneurship, responding to the need of social and economical development, respectively. This paper presents a historic view and evolving process of these models, as well as their differences in the mission and the way of teaching and learning. From this perspective, a few ideas and suggestions about China’s engineering education are also presented, which may help to understand the current education reform in the name of “the New Engineering” in China.
  • Engineering Education
    Remixing: The Emerging Engineering Programs and Education on the Horizon of Technology Evolution and Revolution
    LU Xiaodong
    2021, 37(07): 20-28. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.04
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    Remixing as a verb is a philosophical concept. Remixing is the mechanism behind economics growth, and is also the mechanism behind the evolution and the revolution in technology, There are three types of Remixing in technology. One is the Remixing of technium with technium. The second is the Remixing of technium with the natural phenomena which are captured by natural sciences and put to use. The third is the Remixing of technium with humanities and social sciences. The humanities and social sciences help to discover and create new needs related to technology, and the new needs may reverse the direction of technological evolution. Human beings are the parents of technology. The appropriation of Remixing as an educational philosophical concept and an education Discipline is necessary for the aim of cultivating outstanding Engineers who can perceive and promote technological evolution and revolution. Remixing is the common philosophical foundation of the “four new” programs and education. The basic element of remixing in Education is the curriculum. Corresponding to the three types of remixing of technology, the remixing leading to the emerging engineering programs and education is also divided into three types. With the remixing of economy and technology, in public and personal time, the remixing of the curriculum as the basic element is happening and continues to happen. The education system is shifting from static to dynamic. Education needs to listen to and promote this inevitable direction.
    • “Double First-Class” Construction
  • “Double First-Class” Construction
    The Logic and Path of the Growth of World-Class Disciplines
    LUO Jianping
    2021, 37(07): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.05
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    World-class disciplines are the focus and foundation for the construction of “Double First-Class”. The development of a discipline to a “first-class” discipline is a value choice for the continuous differentiation and integration of knowledge, and it is the “field” demand of the development of the times. The article explains the paradigm transformation and the transformation of discipline methods for the growth of world-class disciplines from the dual perspectives of “ecology evolution” and “system optimization”, discovers the evolutionary mechanism of the growth of world-class disciplines. In the new era, the construction of world-class disciplines facing the country’s major needs, strengthening the evaluation of discipline value-added and discipline governance is an important content of the new round of “Double First-Class” connotation construction, and it is also an important support for evaluating the effectiveness of world-class discipline construction.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    The Mission and Practice of the University to Promote the Construction of a Community of a Shared Future for Mankind
    WANG Mingyi
    2021, 37(07): 35-41. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.06
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    The development of universities shows that universities can become an important force in building a community of a shared future for mankind. In the course of university development for nearly one thousand years, universities have provided knowledge, truth and methods for how humankind can move towards to cooperate equally, construct shared values, create mutual interests and realize common security. At the same time, universities disseminate knowledge they have explored and created to students, and transform it into human wisdom and power. Thus, the university builds the mission of promoting the construction of a community of a shared future for mankind. Universities in this new era need to start from anthropology, based themselves on a global perspective, explore new knowledge, cultivate international talents with a sense of global responsibility and abilities, serve the international community, actively promote cultural exchanges and dissemination, and undertake the great historical mission of constructing a community of a shared future for mankind.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Content and Mechanism of “Boundary Work” of University Think Tanks
    LIU Xiao
    2021, 37(07): 42-48. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.07
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    University think tanks are platforms or hubs for carrying out “boundary work”. Knowledge brokers, policy analysts, policy consultants, and political and academic exchange intermediaries are the main identities and roles of university think tank practitioners. As knowledge brokers, they transform academic research results into political reports; as policy analysts, they carry out decision-making needs-oriented Investigation and research; as policy consultants, they provide feasible suggestions that fit the policy context; as an intermediary for political and academic exchanges to establish a team of experts and maintain political channels. It is necessary to establish a reasonable “boundary work” mechanism, position university think tanks as a platform for academic knowledge integration and transformation of management achievements, build an organizational framework that combines small institutions with large networks, and establish a multi-subject collaborative interaction with the personnel system as the core system norms.
  • Research and Exploration
    A Survey of Entrepreneurial Literacy and Its Enlightenment to Entrepreneurship Education in China Colleges
    HU Haiqing
    2021, 37(07): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.08
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    College students are the main force of mass entrepreneurship in China. It has become an urgent problem to be solved in the entrepreneurial practice of college students and the entrepreneurial education of colleges which qualities are required to succeed in entrepreneurship. This paper investigates and analyses the entrepreneurial literacy of 438 entrepreneurial college students in China by using the questionnaire prepared by ourselves. The results show that: (1)the overall level of entrepreneurial literacy of Chinese college students is above average. (2)There is no significant difference between men and women, junior students lower than that of senior students, key universities higher than that of ordinary universities, no significant difference between different majors, student cadres higher than ordinary students, no significant difference between urban and rural families, and mothers in public or private institutions significantly higher than that of mothers in farming and other occupations. (3)The innovation degree of entrepreneurial model, the success level of entrepreneurship and the performance of entrepreneurial organization positively correlated with entrepreneurial literacy. Therefore, Chinese colleges should: deepen the understanding of importance of entrepreneurial literacy and the necessity of its cultivation, strengthen and carry out entrepreneurship education and training for college and university students, further enhance the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education, and further improve the accuracy of entrepreneurship education.
    • Comparative Education
  • Comparative Education
    A Comparative Study on the Higher Education Structures in China and U.S. in the Process Toward Higher Education Popularization
    CUI Ya’nan; WEN Wen; LIU Huiqin
    2021, 37(07): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.09
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    After entering the stage of higher education popularization, the higher education system of China will go through the transition from “large” to “strong”, which means the internal structure will be more mature, and its relationship with the external social structure will be closer. This study analyzed and compared the internal layer and discipline structure of higher education systems in China and U.S., as well as the relationship between higher education and external socioeconomic and demographic factors. The study found that, China and U.S. have their own characteristics towards the internal structure, which reflect the different process of the development of higher education in the two countries. However, the matching degree of China’s higher education with the external economic level and population pressure still has a certain gap compared with the U.S.. Thus, the adjustment of higher education structure in the stage of popularization in China should focus more on further increase the scale of graduate education, well handle the proportion of the subjects in humanity and sociology areas and in science and engineering areas, continue to increase funding for higher education and speed up the construction of a modern education system for lifelong learning for all people.
  • Comparative Education
    A Comparative Study on Student Funding Aid Between Chinese and American Universities in the Popularization Stage of Higher Education
    WANG Songdi; HU Die
    2021, 37(07): 63-69. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.10
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    College student financial aid is an important measure to promote educational equity and social equity development, which highlights the social benefits of higher education. At present, China’s higher education has entered a new stage, which puts forward new requirements and challenges for college student funding aid. However, the United States has accumulated rich experience in the practice of student funding in the popularization stage for many years. This study aims to promote the understanding of the gap between China and the United States through the comparison of the status of student financial aid in universities between China and the United States, so as to provide reference for the reform and improvement of China’s university student financial aid system, guard against and resist the potential development risks, and realize the more equitable development of higher education in the popularization stage.
    • Private Higher Education
  • Private Higher Education
    The Course, Influence and Countermeasures of Private Colleges and Universities Listing
    ZHOU Haitao1; ZHENG Shuchao2; JING Anlei1
    2021, 37(07): 70-76. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.11
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    Listing is the marketization operation way of fundraising for private colleges. The listed private colleges are with multiple school levels and huge students scale. Go public is conductive to expanding capital sources, enhancing the reputation and promoting standardized governance. However, there are still laws and policies conflict risks, supervision and judicial blindness risks, managing operational risks and the like. It is necessary to implement the classified management policy, handling listing appeals rationally; strengthen multiple subjects’ supervision, optimizing capital ecology synergistically; perfect the risk prevention and control mechanism, guarantee the development of private higher education stable and connotatively.
  • Private Higher Education
    The Asset-Backed Securitization of Private Higher Education Institutions: Policy Space, Recent Development and Future Path
    LI Qian
    2021, 37(07): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.12
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    Newly-revised Private Education Promotion Law and its supporting policies give the legitimacy to the asset-backed securitization(ABS) of private higher education institutions(HEIs). The ABS products issued on the market use the tuition and accommodation future income as the source of repayment. Analyzing the financing scale, basic assets and transaction structure of existing products, it is found that ABS has expanded the financing channels of private HEIs and the scope and scale of their finances. It is able to meet the funding needs in the high-quality development stage. At the same time, this financing model also has risks such as insufficient school operating costs during the ABS period, the impact of uncertainty caused by the education group companies as main issuers, and the unrestricted use of the funds raised by ABS projects. To make good use of the positive role of the capital market in promoting the healthy and sustainable development of private HEIs, it is necessary to encourage financing model innovation and strengthen the supervision to financing behaviors, and to build a regulatory framework integrating educational logic and financial market logic.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    The Dilemma and Governance Strategy of Post-Doctoral Quality Assurance in the Context of “Double First-Class” Construction
    ZHANG Yanglei; YU Xiaohui
    2021, 37(07): 84-89. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.13
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    In the context of “Double First-Class” construction, the building of high-level post-doctoral quality assurance system has become an important issue for improving the governance of higher education. At present, there are some problems in China’s post-doctoral quality assurance, such as governance system with segmentation of “strong trap and weak block”, imperfect quality assurance system, deviation from the cultivation orientation as well as inefficient use of resources. All these in a large part are attributable to the leading of institutional discipline, the carrier of project support, and the means by institutionalized technical governance. To solve the dilemma of post-doctoral quality assurance, it is urgent to break the management model of the segmentation of “strong trap and weak block”, and build a comprehensive quality assurance system for post-doctoral fellows with flexible governance order, high efficient assurance process, and multiple governance culture based on the idea of “integration of the segmentation” and collaborative governance.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Why is the PhD Student Delayed: Analysis on the Reasons and Mechanism of Delayed Graduation of Doctoral Students in Humanities and Social Sciences
    YANG Qing
    2021, 37(07): 90-97. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.14
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    In recent years, the problem of postponing the graduation of doctoral students in China has become increasingly prominent. In order to find out the real reasons for the postponement of doctoral students, the mixed research method is adopted to investigate the postponement of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences.The results show that ability investment, emotional investment, behavior investment, paper pressure, course structure, project participation and mid-term assessment have significant effects on the postponement of doctoral students. The weight and mechanism of each factor are as follows: the mixed effect of weak foundation and insufficient investment is the primary hidden danger of doctoral student’s postponement; the lack of course structure and the absence of supervisor guidance are the catalyst for doctoral student’s postponement; the low efficiency of system implementation and the sluggish academic atmosphere are the potential hotbed for doctoral student’s postponement.In view of this, universities should optimize the selection system of doctoral students, strictly control the quality of doctoral students, perfect the training system of doctoral students, pay attention to the process factors of academic growth, improve the living environment of doctoral students, and improve the quality of doctoral professional socialization.
    • Higher Vocational Education
  • Higher Vocational Education
    The System Demand, Design and Implementation of the Vocational Education at Undergraduate Level
    ZHUANG Xizhen
    2021, 37(07): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.15
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    As an innovation of educational system, the establishment and development of undergraduate vocational education need the guarantee at the level of system, among which the most important systems include the degree system, talent training system, enrollment and employment system. Therefore, at this stage, we should formulate a major catalog and build a standardized development system of undergraduate vocational education; explore the training mode of professional technical and skilled talents and construct the teaching system of undergraduate vocational education; construct the curriculum system of “subject + major” based on the integration of theory and practice and build content system of undergraduate vocational education; connect the education system and human resource market, and build the linkage system of undergraduate vocational education. The implementation of these systems should pay attention to the top-level design and long-term design, explore the governance mode suitable for the development of undergraduate vocational education, and pay attention to the monitoring and regulation of talent training quality.
  • Higher Vocational Education
    The Dilemma and Breakthrough of the School Running of Vocational Undergraduate Education
    LI Zheng
    2021, 37(07): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.07.16
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    Although Chinese vocational undergraduate education has established its due type status in the policy text and educational system, there are still many problems to be clarified and solved in its school running practice: for example, vocational undergraduate education needs to seek a new orientation in the educational system, and there is a hidden contradiction between the demand for diversified school running and the quality of school running, the unique value of market participants in running schools has not been effectively exerted, and there is a lack of typed evaluation mechanism. To solve the problems of “what to do”, “who to do”, “how to do” and “how to evaluate” of vocational undergraduate education, we should first make it clear that vocational undergraduate education is a vocational higher education to cultivate compound and professional skilled talents, and then determine the form of running school from top to bottom and from bottom to top. At the same time, we should deepen the reform of school running system of vocational undergraduate education with the goal of knowledge co creation, Meanwhile, the school running standards and evaluation mechanism reflecting the characteristics of the development stage of undergraduate vocational education are formulated.