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    High Quality Development of Higher Education
  • High Quality Development of Higher Education
    On Providing Fundamental Guarantees for High-Quality Development of Higher Education During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period
    WANG Dinghua
    2021, 37(04): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.01
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    To fully implement the spirit of the fifth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee along with major deployments and arrangements, higher education institutions, while adhering to and strengthening the overall leadership of the Party, must make new progress and achievements in serving national development, catching up with top players in the world, gaining development momentum, and fully and strictly exercising Party self-governance, hence providing fundamental guarantees for high-quality development of higher education.
  • High Quality Development of Higher Education
    Develop High Quality Education System and Better Safeguard Citizens’ Right to Education
    SHEN Suping
    2021, 37(04): 4-8. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.02
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    Right to education is provided by the Constitution as citizens’ fundamental right, to which state is obligated to respect, protect and realize. As a fundamental right, right to education is not only right for individual person, but also is functioning as value restraints on state’s public authority. It is thus considered the essential starting point to develop education. Since the new era, right to education has extended in its denotation from school education to family education and society education. It has also extended in the connotation from access to education opportunity to access to quality education. Historical development of right to education has proposed demands for the time on improving both system and quality, which constitute the internal logical motivation to develop high quality education system. It is required hereby to improve education legislation for comprehensive legal guarantee system supporting high quality education system development, which will better safeguard citizens’ right to education.
    • Labor Education
  • Labor Education
    On Overall Strengthening the Labor Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era
    LIU Xiangbing; LIU Yourong; ZHOU Guangli; LU Xiaodong; SUN Zhendong; ZHANG Youkui; LIAO Hui; WANG Yan; CAI Wenhao
    2021, 37(04): 9-13. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.03
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    • Development of Independent Colleges
  • Development of Independent Colleges
    Analysis of Transformation of Independent Colleges: The Current Situation and the Sustainable Development Path After Transformation
    ZHONG Binglin; JING Anlei
    2021, 37(04): 14-19. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.04
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    To promote independent colleges’ transformation is the policy demands and inevitable trend of constructing a high quality higher education system. Since 2020, the policy on the transfer of independent colleges has become basically clear, and the progress has been significantly accelerated. Presently, the independent colleges which have not completed the transformation are mainly distributed in the eastern and central regions. The main reasons include unclear transfer policy expectation, unclear assets ownership and substandard operating conditions. Facing the new requirements of realizing the connotation development of higher education, and to explore the healthy and sustainable development path after the transformation, it is necessary to strengthen the government’s resource planning and coordination, clarify the development objective and distinctive development strategy, deepen the reform of talent training mode, strengthen the construction of teachers team, and to establish and improve the risk prevention and control mechanism.
  • Development of Independent Colleges
    Analysis on the Causes, Difficulties and Countermeasures of the Transformation of Independent Colleges: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province
    YANG Xinchun1,2; ZHANG Wanhong1; ZHANG Lipeng2
    2021, 37(04): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.05
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    Only when the independent college has crossed the threshold of transformation, can it really plan and implement its own independent development. As one of the important birthplaces of independent colleges, Jiangsu province has the largest number of independent colleges in China, and the independent colleges are also facing the problem of transformation and independent development. Taking Jiangsu province as an example, the transformation is not only for the objective requirement of national policy orientation in the new era, but also for the internal demand of healthy and sustainable development of independent colleges themselves. Meanwhile,the transformation is for the requirement of high-quality development of higher education in Jiangsu province. There are some problems and risks in the process of transformation, and there are also some practical difficulties. To solve the dilemma of transformation, we need the cooperation and joint efforts of the government, parent universities, investors and independent colleges and other stakeholders. All sides must perform their own duties, and suit their measures to different conditions in terms of locality for innovating the new path of transformation.
    • College Entrance Examination Reform
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    On the Reform of College Entrance Examination as a Reform of Education Evaluation
    BIAN Xincan; HAN Yue
    2021, 37(04): 28-35. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.06
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    The college entrance examination is a special educational evaluation for the purpose of further education, which is imposed the function of evaluating the quality of middle school education. The birth of the high school entrance examination aims to replace the function of the college entrance examination. In the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, as an educational evaluation system, the enrollment of colleges and universities can be investigated from the macro and micro levels. Its cognition of “evaluation” is from implicit to explicit, from free to self-conscious, the subject of evaluation is from single to multiple, the standard of evaluation is from multi dimension to single dimension and comprehensive exploration, the way of evaluation is from single to multiple, and the process of evaluation is from single summative evaluation to exploration, which coexists with process evaluation. This is a process of interaction between system and environment, which is influenced by politics, science and technology, culture and other factors. The overall development of education policy is the soul throughout, fairness and operability play a very important role in restricting and regulating, the consistency of national interests and individual utilitarian differences determine the complexity of the reform process. At present, the new college entrance examination reform has achieved initial results, but also faces new challenges. With the help of the powerful power and favorable environment brought by the Overall Plan, the new college entrance examination will go hand in hand with breaking the Five Onlys and push the reform forward.
  • College Entrance Examination Reform
    Enrollment Rights of Colleges and Universities: Attributive Definition, Exercise Rights Logical and Judicial Censorship
    MENG Bo1,2
    2021, 37(04): 36-41. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.07
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    The correct exercise of enrollment rights by colleges and universities is a prerequisite for citizens to receive higher education on an equal basis, which plays a decisive role in the enrollment of graduates. The academic circles have three kinds of perceptions about the nature of the enrollment rights of universities, namely, legal authorization, national power and natural rights. According to the different nature of enrollment rights, various types of subjects have been formed, including public affairs legal persons, public institutions legal persons, and mixed subjects, there are also three academic viewpoints: the theory of public power, the theory of private rights and the theory of duality corresponding to the perceptions. The enrollment right of high institutions should be a comprehensive power (right) with public power as the main orientation. Based on this, the proposal of the enrollment rights of colleges and universities should follow the exercise logic of the legitimacy, rationality, and procedural legitimacy of public power. It is necessary to bring the right of college enrollment into the judicial censorship system, advocate the establishment of judicial censorship system for college admissions behaviors based on necessary procedural censorship, limited substantive censorship, and rational passive censorship.
    • Research on the Reform of Education Evaluation
  • Research on the Reform of Education Evaluation
    Research on Academic Reputation of University Faculty: An Exploratory Incentive Mechanism Design
    JIANG Xiaohui1; WANG Weiping2
    2021, 37(04): 42-47. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.08
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    Academic reputation, as the recognition and evaluation of teachers by academic community, is the lifeline of its efforts. However, in the fierce academic competition tournaments, the endless academic misconducts and deviant behaviors are damaging the reputation of scholars and even the whole academic circle. Based on reputation incentive theory, this paper tries to construct an exploratory incentive mechanism framework design based on “signal-capital-psychology” by analyzing the existing problems and causes of academic reputation of university faculty, hoping to put forward a new idea for reputation incentive of university faculty in China. Based on this, it is further proposed to release more “reputation” signals to rebuild college teachers’ academic reputation incentives; to break the stereotype of academic championships, to establish a benign academic reputation ecosystem; multi-dimensional capital investment, to formulate reasonable teacher salary system and other policy recommendations.
  • Research on the Reform of Education Evaluation
    Research on Scientific Research Integrity Policy in China’s Universities: From the Perspective of Policy Tools
    WEN Hong1; JIA Lishuai2
    2021, 37(04): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.09
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    The policy of scientific research integrity in universities is the basis of the construction of scientific research integrity. Since 2001, China has gradually established a policy system of scientific research integrity in universities. From the perspective of policy instruments, this paper takes 25 university research integrity policy texts issued by central ministries and commissions from 2001 to 2020 as the research object. Based on the types of policy tools and the elements of scientific research integrity construction, a two-dimensional analysis framework is constructed. The promulgation time of scientific research integrity policy in universities is divided into three stages. The analysis results obtained by text metrology method show that, mandate tools overflow, the structural imbalance of policy instruments, the construction elements are too concentrated in prevention, and the overall balance is insufficient. According to the existing problems, improve the fit of policy tool selection, optimize the use structure of policy tools, improve the supervision and relief elements.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    The Autonomy of Higher Education from the Perspective of Development of Higher Education Clusters in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
    LU Xiaozhong; QIN Qin
    2021, 37(04): 55-63. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.10
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    As a regional concept with both geographical and social significance in China, how to govern Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA) is a new and noteworthy topic for current research. The development of higher education clusters is an important strategic choice for GBA’s higher education, and there are two paths to achieve the strategic objectives: the first one is top-down development trend urged by the strong leadership of the government, the second one is bottom-up development foundation formed by historical reasons and realistic needs of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. As for the latter one, the implementation and expansion of university autonomy in accordance with laws and regulations is the necessary premise and foundation to promote the cooperation and development of higher education clusters in GBA. However, as the reason of lacking autonomy of mainland universities, it is difficult to form an internal motive force of each initiative subjects for the development of higher education clusters. It is necessary to further deal with the relationship between the government’s overall coordination and the independent running of universities, carry out comprehensive reforms in enrollment, subject and specialty setting, fund management and use, cooperative running of schools, scientific research management, personnel appointment etc. Further more, it also needs to expand and implement university autonomy and provide necessary support for the development of higher education clusters in GBA.
  • Research and Exploration
    Practical Value, Connotative Links and Practical Path for the Cultivation of College Students’ Entrepreneurial Mindset
    SHI Qiuheng1,2; WANG Chun1,3
    2021, 37(04): 64-68. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.11
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    Entrepreneurial mindset is an important bridge between entrepreneurial education and students’ entrepreneurial conducts. The cultivation of entrepreneurial mindset in universities is not only the internal basis for the success of individual entrepreneurship, but also the inevitable requirement for deepened reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities and comprehensively improved quality of higher education. It is serves as an important link to improve the construction of entrepreneurial ecosystem in China. The connotative links of the entrepreneurial mindset for the college students are to arouse awareness on the identification of entrepreneurial opportunity, strengthen individual sensitivity on entrepreneurship, enhance individual motivation on entrepreneurship, and improve risk management skills for entrepreneurship. Presently, the advancement of the cultivation of college students’ entrepreneurial mindset calls for clarified goal, innovated teaching methods and optimized the structure of teachers in a suitable environment, so as to integrate the cultivation of entrepreneurial mindset into the whole process of entrepreneurship education.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Evolution of Industries and Enterprises Participation in the Professional Graduate Education in the Past Ten Years
    YU Miaomiao1; MA Yonghong2; ZHANG Le3
    2021, 37(04): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.12
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    With the promulgation and implementation of Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020), professional degree graduate education has entered a new period, and colleges and universities are facing the challenge of full-time training of students without working experience, which puts forward new requirements for the participation of industrial enterprises. The reform of industrial enterprises’ participation in professional degree graduate education has gone through the stages of starting, developing and deepening. From the perspective of historical depth, this paper summarizes the policy evolution of industrial enterprises’ participation in different stages, and shows the reform effect with empirical research. It is found that through the continuous reform, the enthusiasm of industrial enterprises to participate in professional degree graduate education has been increased, and the education process has been optimized, and obvious training results have been obtained. According to the research results, in the new era, from the perspective of enhancing the participation ability of enterprises, the development direction of the integration of production and education in professional degree education is put forward.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    How to Appropriately Arrange the Scale of Doctoral Students: Analysis Based on the Relationship Between Graduate Student-Faculty Ratio and PhD Students’ Training Quality
    BAO Wei; WU Jiaqi; HE Feng
    2021, 37(04): 75-81. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.13
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    It is very important to scientifically optimize the graduate student-faculty ratio for cultivating high-level innovative talents and meeting the needs of national scientific strategy in post-epidemic area. This paper empirically explores the correlation between the graduate student-faculty ratio and doctoral students’ training quality and finds that there is an “inverted U-shaped” relationship between the two. When the ratio is 10 per faculty, the scientific research level of doctoral students achieves the best. However, there are different degrees of deviation between the actual ratio and the optimal ratio among different types of universities. There is a reverse correlation between the graduate student-faculty ratio and the academic selectivity of universities, appearing as a pyramid structure of “top university being convergent, bottom university being expanded”. The empirical results help to deepen the understanding of how to train top-notch innovative talents from the academic level, and provide scientific support for appropriately setting up the graduate student-faculty ratio and promoting doctoral students’ high training quality from the practical level.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Who Expect to Pursue Doctoral Degree: Research on the Influencing Factors of Doctoral Education Aspiration of Academic Postgraduate
    NIU Jingjing1; ZHOU Wenhui1,2
    2021, 37(04): 82-88. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.14
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    Academic master’s students are the reserve bank of doctoral students, and the high-quality development of doctoral education depends on sufficient master’s students with scientific research potential for further study. Based on the national graduate satisfaction survey data in 2020, this paper uses binary Logistic regression model to empirically analyze the influencing factors of graduate students’ willingness to pursue doctoral studies. The results show that gender, family background, academic performance and educational background all have significant effects on the willingness of academic postgraduate students to pursue a doctorate. In terms of gender, male students are more likely to pursue a doctoral degree than female students. In terms of family background, students whose parents are more educated and whose household registration is in urban areas are more likely to pursue a doctoral degree rather than seek employment. From the perspective of academic performance, students with more project participation, more papers published, and more active communication with their supervisors are more likely to choose to pursue doctoral programs. In terms of educational background, graduate students from China’s “Double First-Class” universities are more willing to pursue a doctorate.
    • Analysis of the Current Situation of Higher Education Research in China
  • Analysis of the Current Situation of Higher Education Research in China
    Statistics and Analysis of Higher Education Research Papers in Universities and Colleges in 2020: A Study Based on the Literatures of 14 Chinese Educational Journals
    China Higher Education Research Editorial Office
    2021, 37(04): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.15
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    Through statistical analysis of national higher education research papers in 2020, the distribution of scientific research journal publication in higher education in China is unbalanced. “Double First-Class”construction universities occupy a predominant position in scientific research in higher education field, while public higher vocational colleges contribute less and the trend of that is declining. Administrative organizations, research institutions and other institutions also contribute in this filed. Independent author and co-authors less than 2 still dominated the pattern of publishing papers. The authors with higher academic titles publish more papers than others. Nearly 70% papers are funded by various organizations. Papers funded by provincial government and national government have still taken the advantage exceeding 55%. The statistic analysis indicated a strong focus on national strategies. Variety of topics reflecting policies and social issues shows the positive response and accountability of higher education researchers and institutions.
    • Higher Vocational Education
  • Higher Vocational Education
    The Analysis of Connotation and the Determination of Weights of the Index System of the Performance Evaluation of “Double High Plan”
    LIU Bin; ZOU Jiquan
    2021, 37(04): 96-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.16
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    The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance issued Interim Measures for Performance Management of Construction Plan of High-Level Higher Vocational Schools and Majors with Chinese Characteristics, it is of great significance to improve the benefit of capital allocation and the efficiency of capital use of the construction projects of “Double High Plan”, and to ensure that the construction target of “Double High Plan” can be achieved on time, which reflects a clear performance orientation. On the basis of the interpretation of the “Measures”, focusing on emphatically solving two problems: firstly, on the basis of the three-level indicators of the performance given in the “Measures”, refining the index of the nine tasks of construction of the quantity index and the quality index, to make the index system more systematic and perfect; Secondly, adopting the Delphi method (experts investigation method) to determine the weight of the three-level index system, to make the evaluation results measurable and comparable.
  • Higher Vocational Education
    Research on the Characteristic Difference and Relationship of the Construction of Teacher Teams for Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges: A Case Study on Equipment Manufacturing
    SHAO Jiandong; NIU Xiaoyu
    2021, 37(04): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.04.17
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    Taking the equipment manufacturing majors as an example, this study explores the characteristics, relationship and possible influence of the four dimensions of construction motivation, construction environment, construction strategy and construction effectiveness of teacher teams for majors in higher vocational colleges through questionnaire survey. It is found that the teacher teams for equipment manufacturing major in higher vocational colleges in China generally has strong construction motivation, and the construction environment, construction strategy and construction effect are in the upper middle level. In the four dimensions, different levels, different regions of higher vocational colleges and different levels of majors show great differences. There is a significant positive correlation between construction motivation, construction environment, construction strategy and construction effect，and the four dimensions are closely related.