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  • Feature
    The Choice of Education in the Changing World
    XIE Weihe1,2
    2021, 37(02): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.01
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    In the new development stage of China’s educational system which is more quality-oriented and faced with more uncertainties from the outside world, we must define our own way of developing while further reforming and opening up and strengthening international cooperation and exchanges. With the legacy of Chinese culture, the choice of development path is necessary and feasible. Also, the choice is of great significance in educational practice and is the prerequisite to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
  • Feature
    Exploring the “Chinese Road” of Higher Education Popularization
    WU Daguang1,2,3
    2021, 37(02): 4-9. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.02
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    China has become the largest country of higher education in the world, and has rapidly entered the era of popularization of higher education. At the turning point of history, to re-understand the connotation and essence of western higher education massification theory and to explore the development path of a big higher education country towards a powerful higher education country is not only the theoretical self-examination that a big higher education country should have, but also the requirement of realizing a powerful higher education country. From the perspective of theory and practice, this article points out the background of massification of higher education in the west, and analyzes the essence of massification of higher education in China. Based on this, it clearly points out that optimizing the system and structure of higher education is the institutional guarantee to realize massification and popularization of higher education, and the cultivation of high-quality talents is an important task in the popularization stage.
    • Research on the Reform of Education Evaluation
  • Research on the Reform of Education Evaluation
    Construction of Evaluation Index System for Higher Engineering Education from the Perspective of Multiple Classification: Take 97 “Double First-Class” Universities as Samples
    ZHANG Wei; DENG Yongxin; XIN Yueyou; YE Min
    2021, 37(02): 10-15. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.03
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    Improving the quality of higher engineering education is an important way for China to build world science and technology power. This paper uses 97 “Double First-Class” universities as samples, uses structured interviews, Delphi method and expert scoring method to screen out core evaluation indicators and determine indicators weights, and has constructed a higher engineering education evaluation index system with a multi-classification model composed of 4 first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators. Research results show that engineering-advanced universities focus on “innovative output”, comprehensive universities focus on “research quality”, and local universities focus on “teaching quality” and “innovation output”. Research results also show that high-quality talent training is the most important core task of various universities in China, universities are still obviously insufficient in meeting the country’s major strategic needs, industry needs and innovation output. Based on this, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for constructing the multi-classification evaluation index system of engineering education with Chinese characteristics and the mission-oriented evaluation index system of university innovation output.
  • Research on the Reform of Education Evaluation
    The Mutual Transformation Logic Between Quantity and Quality of Research Output from the Global Perspective: Taking Engineering Papers as an Example
    PAN Jian; SHI Jinghuan
    2021, 37(02): 16-22. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.04
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    The study selects 12 engineering institutes of flagship universities inside China and at other parts of the world as samples, using the data of papers in InCitesTM database from 1991 to 2017，and a framework established by the authors, to explain the relationship and the possible logic of mutual transformation between quality and quantity of papaers as research output. The major findings are the following: first, the quantity and quality of papers as research output are not opposite, and there exists a transformation logic in certain conditions. Second, international cooperation plays a notable role in regulating the quantity and quality of papers in some cases. Thirdly, the mutual transformation of quantity and quality in 12 samples can be roughly summarized into four forms: independent type with more quantity and higher quality, cooperative type with less quantity and higher quality, independent type with less quantity and lower quality, and cooperative type with more quantity and lower quality. MIT represents the first type that has more papers with higher quality; Tsinghua University and Seoul National University are the examples to show that the relationship of quantity and quality of papers can be changed at different stages. The core argument of the paper is that the connotative development of papers as research output should emphasize both quantity and quality with the basic theoretical framework of quantity breeding quality and the interaction between quantity and quality.
    • Regional Higher Education Research
  • Regional Higher Education Research
    Research on the Problems and Strategy Coordinated Development of Higher Education Collaboration in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei
    GAO Wenhao
    2021, 37(02): 23-29. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.05
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    The coordinated development of higher education in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has increasingly become an important force to promote regional cooperation. At present, the coordination of higher education in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is mainly faced with the following problems: the relationship between the internal and external distribution of Beijing under the goal of non-capital function relief, the structure of higher education level in the three regions still needs to be optimized, and lack of the concept of collaborative development leads to difficulties in integrating the interests of multiple subjects. To speed up the coordinated development of higher education in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, we should set up the ideas of “promoting optimization by relief” and “promoting transformation by undertaking”. Beijing should do a solid job in the work of non-capital higher education resources relief, and Tianjin and Hebei should actively promote the undertaking of higher education resources. Adjust and optimize the hierarchical structure relying on the regional function orientation of the three regions. We should build a regional interest coordination mechanism led by the central government, and further promote the transformation and upgrading of Regional University Alliance.
  • Regional Higher Education Research
    Study on the Optimal Allocation of Higher Education Resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
    LI Tingzhou; YANG Wenjie; LI Wanying
    2021, 37(02): 30-35. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.06
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    The optimal allocation of higher education resources is important for promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. At present, at the level of human, material, financial and scientific research innovation, high-quality higher education resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are mostly accumulated in Yangtze River Delta, while the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River are weak, and there are still unbalanced distribution of higher education resources in provinces and cities, unsound long-term mechanism of integrated and coordinated development of higher education, poor docking of resource layout structure with industrial structure, and lack of bottom-up motivation mechanism for active participation of universities, etc. The problems are in the future, the allocation of higher education resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt should be problem-oriented, make full use of the spatial effect of higher education, break through the administrative barriers of higher education, and give full play to the autonomy and enthusiasm of universities, so as to realize the sharing of higher education resources, diversified participation and cross-border cooperation among provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    The Formation Mechanism of Research University’s Social Reputation: Theoretical Explanation and Cross-Case Study
    JIANG Yuheng1; YU Ge2; ZHAO Wenhua2
    2021, 37(02): 36-43. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.07
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    In what way research university, as the core of national knowledge innovation system, establishes its social reputation has come to be a key concern among higher education academics. In an effort to explore and explain the mechanism, the paper takes theory of rational choice, social network and legitimacy recognition as the guide and conducts cross-case analysis by selecting Harvard University, University of California at Berkeley, Shanghai Jiao Tong University as well as Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. It is found that the fore-mentioned universities’ development path is either featured by their own characteristics and conditions or accorded with the requirements under their current mission and vision. However, when it comes to the dominant strategies in reputation management, different mechanism with their own focus have been adopted. Late-developing colleges in emerging countries represented by China are facing new challenges in the transition from imitation to self-authored development.
  • Research and Exploration
    The Impact of Medical School Merger on the Quality of Undergraduate Enrollments
    KANG Le; WU Hongbin; WANG Weimin; HA Wei
    2021, 37(02): 44-49. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.08
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    The merger of colleges and universities starting at the end of last century is an important part of the reform of the higher education system in China. Based on the administrative data of college enrollment in Province T from 1996 to 2010, this paper evaluates the impact of the merger of medical colleges on the quality of undergraduate students measured by college entrance examination using two-way fixed effects model. The results show that: first, the merger can significantly improve the admission scores of medical students; second, the effects on scores of non-clinical students are more obvious and statistically significant than that of clinical students. All these results are valid in a series of robustness checks.
  • Research and Exploration
    Research on the Effect of Higher Education in Blocking the Intergenerational Transmission of Rural Relative Poverty
    DUAN Yide1; GUO Congbin2
    2021, 37(02): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.09
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    High-level intergenerational mobility is not only a key element of social harmony and development, but also an inherent requirement for building the long-term mechanisms for reducing relative poverty. This paper employs empirical analyzes and finds that higher education can significantly promote the non-agricultural employment of the offspring of relatively poor rural families and reduce the probability of relative poverty intergenerational transmission, the promotion of occupational status is an important way for higher education to block the intergenerational transmission of relative poverty(about 42% of the total effect), but for the effect of promoting income to the middle or higher levels, the mediating effect of occupation drops to around 29%.Taking the college entrance examination results as a proxy variable of ability, and using the World Bank and EU relative poverty standards to conduct robust tests, main conclusions are all robust. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the opportunities and quality of higher education for rural citizens, remove barriers of occupational mobility between and within rural and urban areas, and establish long-term mechanisms for reducing relative poverty in the benign interaction of higher education, occupational mobility and income.
  • Research and Exploration
    Under the Perspective of Resource Dependence Theory: An Empirical Study on the Reasons of the Renaming of Colleges and Universities in China
    NAN Xiaopeng
    2021, 37(02): 57-63. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.10
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    The name of colleges and universities is very important to the development of them, renaming of colleges and universities is a common phenomenon in the field of higher education in China. It is of great significance to find out the reasons for the renaming of colleges and universities, which is beneficial for promoting the connotative development of colleges and universities, optimizing the layout of higher education, standardizing the renaming of colleges and universities and promoting the modernization of educational governance. Based on the empirical study of 85 universities in 6 provinces in eastern, central, and western regions of China, it is found that the reasons for the renaming of colleges and universities are from the aspects of higher education management system, social environment and culture, and colleges as well as universities themselves. The theory of three circle circulation of resource dependence of renaming of colleges and universities is constructed to systematically explain the reason of renaming of colleges and universities. Countermeasures for standardizing the renaming of colleges and universities are put forward from higher education management departments and universities themselves.
    • Educational Rule of Law
  • Educational Rule of Law
    The Logical Basis, Risk Structure and Coping Mechanism of Administrative Rule of Law in Colleges and Universities in the New Era: Opinions on “Further Strengthening the Work of Rule of Law in Colleges and Universities”
    ZHAI Yi; FAN Qi
    2021, 37(02): 64-69. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.11
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    The Ministry of Education’s “Further Strengthening the Work of Rule of Law in Colleges and Universities” describes the blueprint of the work of rule of law in colleges and universities from five key organizational systems and ten key content levels. The construction of administrative rule of law in colleges and universities in the new era is the core of the work of rule of law in colleges and universities. The logical basis is to implement the autonomy of running a school as the starting point, to achieve good governance and fairness and justice, and to complete the five missions of colleges and universities in socialist countries. The risk structure is mainly reflected in the legal disputes caused by the unclear laws and school rules, which can be summarized into four categories: the adequacy of the subject’s authority, the legitimacy of the purpose of the behavior, the satisfaction of procedural justice and the remedy without loopholes. We should improve the ability of colleges and universities to prevent and resolve legal risks, improve the system and mechanism, promote the modernization of the governance level of colleges and universities by means of the rule of law, and strive to achieve the goal of the 14th Five-Year Plan（2021-2025） to strengthen education.
  • Educational Rule of Law
    Reflection on the Validity of the Term of “Service Period” in the Employment Contract of University Teachers
    LU Wenhui
    2021, 37(02): 70-76. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.12
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    In practice, the “service period” clauses of university teachers’ employment contract tend to be disordered and the scale of judicial judgment is not unified. The main reasons for the lack of legitimacy of the terms of “service period” in the employment contract of university teachers are the imperfection of the employment contract system and the imperfection of the laws and regulations, such as the lag and generality of the laws and regulations of the employment contract, the ambiguity of the principle that the special labor law is superior to the general law, and so on. Whether from the perspective of legitimacy or rationality, the “service period” clause of employment contract should be included in the labor contract law. The terms of “service period” in the employment contract of university teachers should meet the requirements of article 22 of the labor contract law at least in terms of the agreed reasons, the agreed period and the amount of default.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    The Impetus, Influence and Development Strategy of the Expansion of Graduate Education in China
    LI Yonggang
    2021, 37(02): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.13
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    The rapid expansion of graduate education in China has driven by the combination of emergency adjustment and academic drift under soft constraints. Forming an unbalanced development strategy for graduate education, which is manifested by the rigid expansion of “weak academic” degree, the local expansion of applied soft disciplines, the dependent expansion of traditional discipline structure and the expansion of latecomer driven by local universities. This has led to problems such as the disenchantment of teacher-student relations, conflicts in training goals, increased pressure on education quality assurance within the graduate education system and weak external adaptability. In the future, graduate education should speed up supply-side reforms and improve the responsiveness of graduates to serve the socio-economic needs; establish classification development ideas, dynamically adjust the degree and graduate education structure; establish a diversified quality view, deepen the reform of graduate training models; take into account fair development, increase support for latecomer department.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Two Modes of Doctoral Training in the Perspectives of Knowledge Production
    LIN Yaqiong1; LI Ziling2
    2021, 37(02): 84-90. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.14
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    Based on the literatures and interviews with 37 faculties and doctoral students, this paper identifies two ideal types of modes of knowledge production: the individual mode and the group mode. Doctoral students are important actors and contributors in knowledge production, and the research training of Ph.D students can be accordingly identified as the individual mode or group mode. The two modes of research training differ in many dimensions in the process of academic socialization, such as how they propose their research questions of dissertation, the relationship between supervisor and student, and so on. In practice, it is not unusual to find the features of the two different modes co-exist in the training of doctoral students, and the group mode diffused greatly in the knowledge production and research training.
    • Higher Vocational Education
  • Higher Vocational Education
    The Dilemma and Solution Strategy of Higher Vocational Colleges in Small and Medium Sized Cities Under the “Siphon Effect”
    WANG Zhenhong
    2021, 37(02): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.15
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    Higher vocational colleges in small and medium-sized cities are an indispensable force of Higher Vocational Education in China.However, under the background of “siphon effect” increasing, human resources, property and other resources continue to gather in big cities. Higher vocational colleges located in small and medium-sized cities are facing severe challenges. Relatively insufficient investment in running schools restricts the continuous improvement of school competitiveness; low industrial agglomeration is not conducive to the deep integration of school and enterprise resources; the city’s attraction is weak, which is not conducive to the recruitment of high-quality teachers and students, The low local employment rate of students leads to the government’s weak willingness to support school running. In view of the above difficulties, based on the innovative school running practice of high-level vocational schools in small and medium-sized cities, this paper puts forward some solutions. Firstly, the colleges should integrate the existing school running resources by improving internal governance as the “first step”; Secondly, collecting various school running resources by taking the the integration platform of industry and education as the “gathering place”; Thirdly, taking the development of specialty clusters as the “breakthrough” to give full play to the resource efficiency; Finally, taking the applied technology research and development as the “booster” to realize the mutual integration of school and enterprise resources.
  • Higher Vocational Education
    Analysis on the Quality of Undergraduate Vocational Education in China
    CUI Kuiyong1; LIU Guangyao2; SHI Juan3
    2021, 37(02): 98-103. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.16
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    Since 2019, the Ministry of Education has approved 22 higher vocational colleges to carry out undergraduate vocational education. Under the background of the high quality development in the new era, the undergraduate vocational education, as a new thing in the field of vocational education, should clarify its quality connotation from the definition of quality in order to achieve high quality development, the quality concept should be clearly defined from the perspectives of quality development, related stakeholders’ requirements and the concept of higher education in the new era, and its quality elements should be grasped from the perspectives of school function, higher vocational diagnosis and reform, adaptation to social ability assessment, undergraduate course assessment, etc., the key quality factors are the degree of adaptability, the degree of guarantee, the degree of validity of quality assurance, the degree of achievement of training objective, the degree of satisfaction of student employer, the degree of technological innovation and the degree of contribution of social service.
  • Higher Vocational Education
    The Group Portrait Features and Construction Revelation of “National Double High-Quality Plan” Construction Colleges Based on the Analysis of Zhejiang Province
    CHENG Jiangping; MA Laijun
    2021, 37(02): 104-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.02.17
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    It is of great practical significance for optimizing the innovative development path of higher vocational education to accurately comprehend the characteristics of colleges which joined the “National Double High-Quality Plan”(NDHP). Taking NDHP construction schools in Zhejiang as samples, on the basis of field trip, comprehensive data collection, and multi-dimensional empirical analysis, from the three dimensions of cognition, practice and effectiveness, it is found that there are three common characteristics, which are comprehensive promotion and key construction, ideas and actions, type characteristics and school characteristics, all in equal status in NDHP construction schools. The construction of high-level vocational schools must be based on the objective conditions of the school itself, effectively integrate into the regional economic development, and enhance the contribution and support of vocational colleges to economic and social development. It is necessary to grasp the essential requirements of the comprehensive connotation construction of high-level vocational schools, plan forlong-term and continue to promote innovative practices. Quality development should be regarded as the core pursuit forhigh-level vocational schools to meet the diversified needs of government, enterprises, schools and students.