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  • Feature
    The Reform and Development of Higher Education Under the Background of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
    WANG Shuguo,
    2021, 37(01): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.01
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The advent of the fourth industrial revolution, the outbreak of COVID-19, and the game among big countries have made us soberly aware that a community with a shared future for mankind embodies the core value of modern human civilization. Meanwhile, the integration and development of human civilization embodies the core value of higher education and demonstrates its future development orientation. Confronting with the great changes unseen in a century, China’s higher education needs to give free rein to its wisdom and contribute to human development and social progress. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, the author analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by higher education, studies and determines the development orientation and reform path of higher education in the new era, and expounds Xi’an Jiaotong University’s developmental concepts and exploration practices in this process, with a view to provide theoretical and practical reference for the reform and development of China’s higher education.
  • Feature
    Ideological and Political Education in Curriculum: The Fundamental Principle of Cultivating People with Morality in the New Era
    ZHANG Daliang
    2021, 37(01): 5-9. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.02
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    As a new educational concept, ideological and political education in curriculum is a new requirement, new measure and new direction to strengthen personnel training and ideological and political education in colleges and universities in the new era. It fundamentally responds to the major theoretical and practical problems such as “for whom to train people, what kind of people to train, and how to cultivate people”. In recent years, the ideological and political in curriculum has been gradually implemented in colleges and universities, emphasizing the goal of cultivating people with morality, taking “all staff, whole process and all-round” education as the guidance, and promoting all kinds of professional courses and ideological and political theory courses to go together. The construction foundation of ideological and political lies in curriculum, roots in ideological and political education, focuses on classroom, keys in teachers, and effectiveness in students. It is necessary to effectively strengthen the construction of ideological and political in curriculum, and form a collaborative education pattern of “ideological and political in curriculum + ideological and political courses” that all professional teachers carry out ideological and political education in curriculum, and there is no absence of ideological and political in all courses offered by the school.
    • Research on Modernization of Higher Education Governance
  • Research on Modernization of Higher Education Governance
    The Promotion of University Leadership: The Practical Path to Improve the Modernization of University Governance Ability
    SUI Yifan
    2021, 37(01): 10-20. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.03
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    Universities play the role of leading, dominant, basic and monopoly in the high-tech knowledge production and productivity transformation, the cultivation of knowledge innovation talents and high-tech R&D talents, which determine that universities have become an indispensable productivity factor with dynamic value for national economic take-off, social progress and its stability and sustainable development. In the process of national modernization and governance capacity modernization, the biggest challenge we are facing is the modernization of universities as well as its capacity for that as the undertaking of higher education, it is decisive for high-tech knowledge and innovation. The modernization of university governance ability must be promoted through the university leadership. On the basis of discussing “why the modernization of university governance ability is so important” and clarifying “the relationship between university leadership and university governance ability”, the model of university leadership elements have been constructed and interpreted from the aspects of “ideological force”, “organizational force”, “decision-making force”, “institutional force”, “resource force”, “cultural force” and “president power”.
  • Research on Modernization of Higher Education Governance
    Research on the Causes of Role Conflict of University Dean in China and Its Coping Strategies
    CAO Xishen
    2021, 37(01): 21-25. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.04
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    The dean of the university is a position that has more role conflicts, especially in the Chinese context. The source of the dean’s role conflict can be attributed to three factors: organization, individual, and interpersonal relationship. The three aspects can be divided into many more specific causes, thus forming a logical chain of the source of dean role conflict.According to whether the subject is an organization or an individual, and the nature of the conflict is profit or loss or gain, the coping strategies of the dean’s role conflict can be divided into organizational strategies and individual strategies, strategies to reduce conflicts, and strategies to increase conflicts.And then a strategy matrix can be formed.
  • Research on Modernization of Higher Education Governance
    Regulation or Freedom: Value Conflict and Choice in the Governance of Teachers’ Flow in University
    ZHANG Xilin
    2021, 37(01): 26-31. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.05
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    Regulation and freedom are the different governance tendencies chosen by the government for the disorder of teachers’ flow, which contain different value propositions and characteristic attributes, and there exist contradictions and tensions between them. To promote the governance of teachers’ flow in university, on the one hand, it should give full play to the basic role of the market regulation mechanism to promote the optimal free flow of human resources between schools and regions, and on the other hand, it should take corresponding regulatory measures to avoid the vicious competition caused by “crazy digging”. How to optimize the allocation of human resources, guarantee the right of teachers’ self-development, and fulfill teachers management functions of government are key issues to be clarified in the governance of teachers’ flow in university, which is essentially characterized by the value balance between regulation and freedom. From the perspective of contradictions and trends in the management of university teachers, the guarantee of freedom by regulation is the value practical demand and natural value choice to promote the solution of the problem of university teachers’ flow governance. In order to promote the change of value orientation of guarantees freedom by regulation, we need to clarify the value relationship between regulation and freedom in the flow of teachers. Efforts should be made from three aspects. Firstly, maintaining fairness and stability so that improving the cultivation of human resources market environment. Secondly, highlighting service orientation so that realizing the transformation of government teachers’ governance functions. Lastly, safeguarding development rights and interests so that promoting the optimization of teachers’ self-selection mechanism.
    • College Enterance Examination Reform
  • College Enterance Examination Reform
    The Impact of College Entrance Examination Reform on Admissions Quality of the “Double First-Class” Construction Universities: Evidence from Admissions Data from Zhejiang(2014-2020)
    MA Liping, BU Shangcong, YE Xiaoyang
    2021, 37(01): 32-39. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.06
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    By using admissions data of the “Double First-Class” construction universities from Zhejiang Province in 2014-2020, multiple strategies to equate students’ exam ranking, and an interrupted time series model, this paper draws the following conclusions. Admissions quality of “Double First-Class” construction universities declines before the reform, while gradually improves significantly after the reform. Majors in humanity, social science, economics and business, engineering and comprehensive experimental class experienced an increase in admissions quality significantly; popular majors increase more than unpopular majors; and the Double First-Class Universities improves more than those universities of First-Class Disciplines. Besides, the unpopular majors in the “Double First-Class” construction universities improves more than the popular majors in the universities of First-Class Disciplines, which shows that students are more likely to prefer college quality in the tradeoff between college quality and major popularity.
  • College Enterance Examination Reform
    From Independent Enrollment to the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines: Policy Analysis Based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework
    YAN Kun, WU Han
    2021, 37(01): 40-47. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.07
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    Based on the advocacy coalition framework, this study analyzes the process and logic of policy evolution from the emergence of independent enrollment to the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines. The present study aims to provide implications for the policy implementation of the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines and the selection and cultivation of top-notch talents in China. Based on the analysis, it is suggested to attach importance to guiding the public opinion, improving the social supervision mechanism, and clarifying the dialectical relationship between equality and scientificity. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to balancing the relationship between national orientation and individual aspiration, promoting the policy diffusion step by step, and building a quality assurance system in an orderly manner.
    • Online Education and Teaching in Colleges and Universities
  • Online Education and Teaching in Colleges and Universities
    The Status Quo and Further Development Strategy of China’s Online Higher Education in the Perspective of International Comparison
    ZHANG Nanxing, SUN Jihong, WANG Chunchun, GUI Qingping
    2021, 37(01): 48-55. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.08
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    China has always attached great importance to the development of information technology and its revolutionary impact on education. In the past 20 years, China’s online higher education curriculum and its platform construction are consistent with the development rhythm of the world’s online higher education curriculum, and the starting point is high, but there are differences in the subject type, curriculum provider, curriculum language, teaching form and curriculum sharingextent. In terms of international influence, China’s online higher education still has the following deficiencies: lack of global vision in online curriculum development, insufficient international attraction of course content and quality; inflexible construction mechanism of online education platform and low communication efficiency in the world; low information literacy of teachers and insufficient motivation to carry out international online teaching; lack of quality standards and credits in online education mutual recognition system, international recognition is not high; internal support system of colleges and universities is not perfect, lack of online and offline integration development. The following suggestions are put forward: strengthening top-level design and overall layout planning; building Chinese brands through multi-party collaborative promotion; leading standard construction and expanding international space; polishing professional team to contribute Chinese wisdom.
  • Online Education and Teaching in Colleges and Universities
    Study on the Time Change of Postgraduates in Online and Offline Learning: Based on Large-Scale Online Teaching and Learning Survey
    WANG Siyao, CAI Honghong
    2021, 37(01): 56-63. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.09
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    Time investment is one of the important indexes to measure the status and effect of online learning for postgraduates. Based on the survey data of 14 286 postgraduates from 30 universities, this study conducted paired sample T test, ANOVA test, and stepwise regression model to analyze the the change of time investment in online and offline learning of postgraduates. The results showed that learning time investment of postgraduates has dropped significantly with the shift from offline learning to online learning, and postgraduate students with different backgrounds show high-high-low, low-low-low, low-high-low, high-low-high of time investment in offline learning, online learning and the change of time investment. The results also indicated that learning environment, cognitive reaction and learning ability had significant impact on the decline of learning time investment. However, the effect of the network environment on the changes of time investment in online and offline learning of postgraduates is affected by their cognitive reaction and learning ability. Therefore, it is necessary to take targeted measures according to the characteristics of different postgraduates, create a good online learning environment, strengthen students’ cognitive guidance to emergencies, and enhance students’ autonomous learning ability.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Research on the Effect of Human Capital of Graduate and Innovation-Driven Economic Growth
    JIANG Jing, XU Shidao
    2021, 37(01): 64-69. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.10
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    Based on panel data of 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2003 to 2018, this paper examines the impact of human capital of graduate and innovation-driven on economic growth. The empirical results show that both human capital of graduate and innovation-driven have a significant positive effect on economic growth, but the interaction of the two has a negative effect on economic growth. Further analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the economic growth within the regions and the spatial correlation coefficient is about 21.23%. After taking spatial correlation into account, the human capital of graduate and innovation-driven still have significant effect on economic growth in local regions, but the promotion effect is declined to some extent. It is suggested that on the basis of expanding the scale of graduate student enrollment and increasing the investment in innovation, the problem of human capital of graduate and innovation-driven coordination mechanism should be emphatically solved.
  • Research and Exploration
    Spatial Effects of High Educational Human Capital Agglomeration on Technological Innovation: An empirical Analysis of the Prefecture-Level Cities in Hubei Province
    HUANG Rongxia, WEI Ping, PAN Xiaozhen
    2021, 37(01): 70-76. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.11
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    Based on the panel data of 12 major cities in Hubei Province from 2007 to 2018, the spatial effect of high educational human capital agglomeration on technological innovation is analyzed. The study found that the level of technological innovation in Hubei has significant global and local spatial autocorrelation characteristics at the inter-city scale. When the spatial correlation is considered, whether using the adjacent matrix or the geographic inverse distance matrix, both the regression results of static and dynamic Spatial Dubin models show that there is a positive spatial spillover effect of high educational human capital agglomeration on the level of technological innovation. The regression results of the Dynamic Spatial Dubin model and the spatial effect decomposition results show that the agglomeration of urban high educational human capital has significantly promoted the level of the technological innovation of invention and creation in the local city. In addition, the level of urban economic development, government investment, and industrial structure also are important factors for spatial differences in technological innovation levels. Therefore, the government should stimulate the technological innovation in basic industries and encourage cross-regional talent cooperation and collaborative innovation.
    • Comparative Education
  • Comparative Education
    Research on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Contingent Faculty in American Universities: Based on the Experience and Reflection of the AAUP
    LI Zijiang, YANG Xuefen
    2021, 37(01): 77-82. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.12
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    Since the 1970s, the protection of the rights and interests of contingent faculty in American universities has become an important issue that plagues the development of American academic profession. Contingent faculty couldn’t enjoy the same status and treatment as tenured faculty , which affected their enthusiasm for teaching and the quality of student training, caused people to worry about the decline of teachers’ level and teaching quality in higher education. The AAUP has played an important role in safeguarding the rights and interests of contingent faculty and maintaining the quality of higher education by guiding universities to standardize the standards and procedures for the appointment of contingent faculty, publishing the condemnation list to punish violations in universities and establishing academic community of faculty for collective rights protection. The experience of AAUP is worth our reference.
  • Comparative Education
    How to Assure the Quality: Research on the Transformation of German Academic Evaluation Mechanism
    WU Rui, CHEN Hongjie
    2021, 37(01): 83-88. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.13
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    Since the 21st century, in order to eliminate the “thesis only” orientation, the German Science Foundation and the Council of Science and Humanities have taken the lead in advocating the transformation of academic evaluation named “Quality rather than Quantity”. In terms of improving the evaluation method, we should emphasize the basic role of peer review. At the same time, we should establish a specific cognition and application system for quantitative indicators and ensure its supporting role in peer review. In terms of expanding the evaluation content, we should stress the comprehensive evaluation of academic ability, especially the academic leadership and cooperation ability, and consider the individual academic career path. The enlightenment of the transformation of German academic evaluation to China is to strengthen the understanding of the functions and problems of different evaluation methods, which is the basic premise of the academic evaluation transformation; to promote appropriate calculation and comparison at the operational level, which is an important guarantee for the sound function of academic evaluation mechanism; based on the complexity and diversity of the academic system, the academic evaluation mechanism should mainly aim at improving the whole system.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    The Evolution, Dimensions and Direction of Collaborative Doctoral Education in China: Based on the Pasteur’s Quadrant
    LIU Xianwei, GAO Fei, ZOU Yang
    2021, 37(01): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.14
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    After the implementation of Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020), the collaborative doctoral education in China has entered a stage of rapid development. The Pasteur’s Quadrant model in the S&T Policy research field provides a logical framework for explaining the development of collaborative doctoral education and related policy. Based on the Pasteur’s Quadrant model, the practice of the major collaborative doctoral projects at the national level was analyzed and summarized, such as the Joint Training Pilot Project, Collaborative Innovation Center Program and professional doctor joint training. Then, based on the expansion of the original Pasteur’s Quadrant, a quadrant model of collaborative doctoral education in China was proposed and the core dimensions and future direction of collaborative doctoral education system in China were further analyzed.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Are Doctoral Students Satisfied with Their Supervisor’s Guidance: A Study Based on Nature Global Investigation of Doctoral Students
    XU Yeqiong
    2021, 37(01): 96-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.15
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    The supervisor is the key element to the cultivation of doctoral students. In the perspective of countries with advanced higher education comparison, the analysis of the current situation and relative level of doctoral supervisor’s guidance to doctoral students in China from the perspective of doctoral student experience can provide support for optimizing tutor to guide action. By comparing the representative developed countries in the Nature survey, it is found that Chinese doctoral students are generally satisfied with their supervisors, but there is still much room for improvement in their satisfaction with the supervisor’s guidance items. Specific to supervisor guiding action, the satisfaction with cooperation opportunities, publication and funding support of doctoral students in China is slightly higher than or close to the developed countries, but there is a certain gap between the satisfaction of Chinese doctoral students and that of developed countries with the frequency of the tutor academic guidance, psychological support and career development guidance, especially the degree of satisfaction of Chinese doctoral with the academic guidance and cultivate support on academic conference and conference reports providing by their supervisors is at a lower level than in the eight countries. Based on data analysis and discussion, it is suggested that the evaluation of supervisor’s guidance ability and quality should be strengthened, the post requirement and post evaluation of the tutor should be detailed, and create conditions for doctoral students to carry out peer academic exchanges through multiple channels.
    • Higher Vocational Education
  • Higher Vocational Education
    How to Promote Higher Vocational Education Internship to Form Higher Quality: Empirical Research Based on “School-Enterprise-Student”
    ZHU Chenglin
    2021, 37(01): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.01.16
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    Exploring the formation mechanism of the internship quality of higher vocational education is a basic theoretical issue to improve the quality of internship. Based on the three direct participants of schools, enterprises, and students to construct the formation mechanism model of internship quality, and analyze the survey data of 2 139 junior college students in 10 provinces: the overall evaluation of internship quality by students is at a medium level; the quality of internships in national demonstration schools is relatively good, and companies with a moderate number of people are more conducive to student internships; the formation mechanism model composed of students’ active participation, school resource input, and enterprise resource supply explains the regulation of the higher quality formation, and also shows that higher vocational colleges are the initiators and main designers of internships, enterprises are the promoters and co-designers of internships. They are the two main bodies that implement different internships. To implement the internship curriculum management system, improve the laws and regulations on the implementation of internship by the school and enterprise, and guide enterprises to establish innovative internship system can improve the quality of internships.